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1626 PART V Pediatric Sonography137. Westra SJ, Curran JG, Duckwiler GR, et al. Pediatric intracranial vascularmalformations: evaluation of treatment results with color Doppler US. Workin progress. Radiology. 1993;186(3):775-783.138. Grolimund P, Seiler RW, Aaslid R, et al. Evaluation of cerebrovascular diseaseby combined extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. Experiencein 1,039 patients. Stroke. 1987;18(6):1018-1024.139. Lindegaard KF, Aaslid R, Nornes H, editors. Cerebral arteriovenous malformations.New York: Springer-Verlag; 1986.140. Lindegaard KF, Grolimund P, Aaslid R, Nornes H. Evaluation of cerebralAVM’s using transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg.1986;65(3):335-344.141. Hong-zhi X, Zhi-yong Q, Yu-xiang G, et al. Diagnostic value of contrastenhanced intraoperative Doppler sonography for cerebral arteriovenousmalformations compared with angiography. Chinese Med J. 2010;123(20):2812-2815.142. Petty GW, Massaro AR, Tatemichi TK, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonographicchanges ater treatment for arteriovenous malformations. Stroke.1990;21(2):260-266.143. Kaspera W, Ladzinski P, Larysz P, et al. Transcranial color coded Dopplerassessment of cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemodynamics in patientstreated surgically or with staged embolization. Clin Neurol Neurosurg.2014;116:46-53.144. Jordan LC, Wityk RJ, Dowling MM, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasoundin children with Sturge-Weber syndrome. J Child Neurol. 2008;23(2):137-143.145. Duan YY, Zhou XY, Liu X, et al. Carotid and transcranial color-codedduplex ultrasonography for the diagnosis of dural arteriovenous istulas.Cerebrovasc Dis. 2008;25(4):304-310.146. Kilic T, Elmaci I, Bayri Y, et al. Value of transcranial Doppler ultrasonographyin the diagnosis and follow-up of carotid-cavernous istulae. Acta Neurochir.2001;143(12):1257-1264.147. Lo W, Marchuk D, Ball K, et al. Updates and future horizons on theunderstanding, diagnosis and treatment of Sturge Weber syndrome braininvolvement. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2012;54(3):214-223.148. Bulas DI. Transcranial Doppler: applications in neonates and children.Ultrasound Clin. 2009;4(4):533-551.149. Stark JE, Seibert JJ. Cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonography for predictionof outcome ater perinatal asphyxia. J Ultrasound Med. 1994;13(8):595-600.150. Gray PH, Tudehope DI, Masel JP, et al. Perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic braininjury: prediction of outcome. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1993;35(11):965-973.151. Archer LN, Levene MI, Evans DH. Cerebral artery Doppler ultrasonographyfor prediction of outcome ater perinatal asphyxia. Lancet. 1986;2(8516):1116-1118.152. Raju TN. Cerebral Doppler studies in the fetus and newborn infant. J Pediatr.1991;119(2):165-174.153. Bellner J, Romner B, Reinstrup P, et al. Transcranial Doppler sonographypulsatility index (PI) relects intracranial pressure (ICP). Surg Neurol.2004;62(1):45-51.154. Bode H, Wais U. Age dependence of low velocities in basal cerebral arteries.Arch Dis Child. 1988;63(6):606-611.155. Newell DW, Seiler RW, Aaslid R, editors. Head injury and cerebral circulatoryarrest. New York: Raven Press; 1992.156. Komar M, Olszowska M, Przewlocki T, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonographyshould it be the irst choice for persistent foramen ovalescreening? Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2014;12:16.157. Van H, Poommipanit P, Shalaby M, et al. Sensitivity of transcranial Dopplerversus intracardiac echocardiography in the detection of right-to-let shunt.JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2010;3(4):343-348.158. Naqvi J, Yap K, Ahmad G, et al. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound: a reviewof the physical principles and major applications in critical care. Int J VascMed. 2013;2013:629378.159. Rodriguez R, Cornel G, Hosking M, et al. Cerebral blood low velocityduring occlusive manipulation of patent ductus arteriosus in children. JNeuroimaging. 1999;9(1):23-29.160. Kirkham FJ, Neville BG, Gosling RG. Diagnosis of brain death by transcranialDoppler sonography. Arch Dis Child. 1989;64(6):889-890.161. Powers AD, Graeber MC, Smith RR. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonographyin the determination of brain death. Neurosurgery. 1989;24(6):884-889.162. Valentin A, Karnik R, Winkler WB, et al. Transcranial Doppler for earlyidentiication of potential organ transplant donors. Wien Klin Wochenschr.1997;109(21):836-839.163. Chiu NC, Shen EY, Lee BS. Reversal of diastolic cerebral blood low ininfants without brain death. Pediatr Neurol. 1994;11(4):337-340.164. Ducrocq X, Hassler W, Moritake K, et al. Consensus opinion on diagnosisof cerebral circulatory arrest using Doppler-sonography: Task Force Groupon cerebral death of the Neurosonology Research Group of the WorldFederation of Neurology. J Neurol Sci. 1998;159(2):145-150.165. Glasier CM, Seibert JJ, Chadduck WM, et al. Brain death in infants: evaluationwith Doppler US. Radiology. 1989;172(2):377-380.166. Shiogai T, Sato E, Tokitsu M, et al. Transcranial Doppler monitoring insevere brain damage: relationships between intracranial haemodynamics,brain dysfunction and outcome. Neurol Res. 1990;12(4):205-213.167. Petty GW, Wiebers DO, Meissner I. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography:clinical applications in cerebrovascular disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990;65(10):1350-1364.168. Feri M, Ralli L, Felici M, et al. Transcranial Doppler and brain death diagnosis.Crit Care Med. 1994;22(7):1120-1126.169. Bulas D, Chadduck WM, Vezina GL. Pediatric closed head injury: evaluationwith transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Eighty-First Scientiic Assembly andAnnual Meeting. Chicago: Radiological Society of North America;1995.170. Qian SY, Fan XM, Yin HH. Transcranial Doppler assessment of brain deathin children. Singapore Med J. 1998;39(6):247-250.171. Hassler W, Steinmetz H, Gawlowski J. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonographyin raised intracranial pressure and in intracranial circulatory arrest. JNeurosurg. 1988;68(5):745-751.172. Jalili M, Crade M, Davis AL. Carotid blood-low velocity changes detectedby Doppler ultrasound in determination of brain death in children. Apreliminary report. Clin Pediatr (Phila). 1994;33(11):669-674.173. Wang K, Yuan Y, Xu ZQ, et al. Beneits of combination of electroencephalography,short latency somatosensory evoked potentials, and transcranialDoppler techniques for conirming brain death. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B.2008;9(11):916-920.174. Dhanwate A. Brainstem death: a comprehensive review in Indian perspective.Indian J Crit Care Med. 2014;18(9):596-605.175. Sharma D, Souter MJ, Moore AE, Lam AM. Clinical experience withtranscranial Doppler ultrasonography as a conirmatory test for brain death:a retrospective analysis. Neurocrit Care. 2011;14(3):370-376.176. Stocchetti N, Le Roux P, Vespa P, et al. Clinical review: neuromonitoring—anupdate. Crit Care. 2013;17(1):201.177. Williams M, Lee J. Intraoperative blood pressure and cerebral perfusion:strategies to clarify hemodynamic goals. Paediatr Anaesth. 2014;24(7):657-667.178. Albin MS, Bunegin L, Garcia C, McKay W. he transcranial Doppler canimage microaggregates of intracranial air and particulate matter. J NeurosurgAnesthesiol. 1989;1(2):134-135.179. Pugsley W. he use of Doppler ultrasound in the assessment of microemboliduring cardiac surgery. Perfusion. 1986;4:115.180. Jordan Jr WD, Voellinger DC, Doblar DD, et al. Microemboli detected bytranscranial Doppler monitoring in patients during carotid angioplastyversus carotid endarterectomy. Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;7(1):33-38.181. Dagirmanjian A, Davis DA, Rothfus WE, et al. Silent cerebral microembolioccurring during carotid angiography: frequency as determined with Dopplersonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;161(5):1037-1040.182. Burrows FA. Transcranial Doppler monitoring of cerebral perfusion duringcardiopulmonary bypass. Ann horac Surg. 1993;56(6):1482-1484.183. Cheng H, Wypij D, Laussen P, et al. Cerebral blood low velocity andneurodevelopmental outcome in infants undergoing surgery for congenitalheart disease. Ann horac Surg. 2014;98(1):125-132.184. Williams GD, Ramamoorthy C. Brain monitoring and protection duringpediatric cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2007;11(1):23-33.185. Abdul-Khaliq H, Uhlig R, Bottcher W, et al. Factors inluencing the changein cerebral hemodynamics in pediatric patients during and ater corrective
CHAPTER 47 Doppler Sonography of the Brain in Children 1627cardiac surgery of congenital heart diseases by means of full-low cardiopulmonarybypass. Perfusion. 2002;17(3):179-185.186. Rodriguez RA, Letts M, Jarvis J, et al. Cerebral microembolization duringpediatric scoliosis surgery: a transcranial Doppler study. J Pediatr Orthop.2001;21(4):532-536.187. Ma L, Roberts J, Pihoker T, et al. Transcranial Doppler-based assessmentof cerebral autoregulation in critically ill children during diabetic ketoacidosistreatment. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2014;15(8):742-749.188. Oddo M, Taccone FS. How to monitor the brain in septic patients? MinervaAnestesiol. 2015;81:776-788.189. O’Brien N, Hall M. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and cerebralblood low velocity in children. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2013;14(3):e126-e134.190. Nedelman M, Ritschel N, Doenges S, et al. Combined contrast-enhancedultrasound and rt-PA treatment is safe and improves impaired microcirculationater reperfusion of middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb BloodFlow Metab. 2010;30(10):1712-1720.191. Tsivgoulis G, Alexandrov AV. Ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in acuteischemic stroke: potential, failures, and safety. Neurother. 2007;4(3):420-427.192. Alexandrov AV. Ultrasound enhanced thrombolysis for stroke. Int J Stroke.2006;1(1):26-29.193. Meyer G, Spray A, Fairlie JE, Uomini NT. Inferring common cognitivemechanisms from brain blood-low lateralization data: a new methodologyfor fTCD analysis. Front Psychol. 2014;5:552.194. Ashjazadeh N, Emami S, Petramfar P, et al. Intracranial blood low velocityin patients with β-thalassemia intermedia using transcranial Dopplersonography: a case-control study. Anemia. 2012;2012:798296.195. Shariat A, Nazeri M, Abolhasani Foroughi A, Karimi M. Transcranial Dopplerultrasonography in beta-thalassemia major patients without and withthrombocytosis. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2013;15(3):234-238.196. Bakker M, Hofman J, Churches O, et al. Cerebrovascular function andcognition in childhood: a systematic review of transcranial Doppler studies.BMC Neurol. 2014;14:43.
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viiiContributorsOlga R. Brook, MDAs
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xContributorsChristy K. Holland, Ph
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xiiContributorsRupa Radhakrishnan,
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xxiiContentsVOLUME IIPART IV Obstet
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xxivVideo ContentsVideo 12.8 Angiog
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xxviVideo ContentsVideo 26.20 High-
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xxviiiVideo Contents42 Fetal Measur
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2 PART I Physicsphysics. he amplitu
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4 PART I Physics× ms×FIG. 1.4 Ult
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6 PART I Physicsθ 1 = 20°Tissue A
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8 PART I Physicssignature. Broad-ba
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10 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.13 B-Mode I
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12 PART I PhysicsIn these transduce
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14 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.17 Tissue H
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16 PART I PhysicsKey Points of Ultr
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18 PART I PhysicsA - Normal liverv
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20 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.27 Reverber
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22 PART I Physics-0 dBUncorrected-0
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24 PART I Physicsθ = 0°cos θ = 1
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26 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.38 Color
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28 PART I PhysicsChanges in Doppler
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30 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.44 Wall F
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32 PART I PhysicsABCDFIG. 1.46 Alia
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CHAPTER2Biologic Effects and Safety
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36 PART I PhysicsPressurePulse repe
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38 PART I PhysicsUltrasound imaging
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40 PART I Physicsacoustic power and
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42 PART I PhysicsFIG. 2.6 Acoustic
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44 PART I PhysicsThe AIUM Statement
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46 PART I Physics1. Current ultraso
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48 PART I PhysicsEPIDEMIOLOGYWith a
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50 PART I Physicscontrols whether t
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52 PART I Physics70. Hwang JH, Tu J
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54 PART I PhysicsA B 5 μmFIG. 3.1
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56 PART I Physicsstudies with Levov
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58 PART I Physicsabdominal organs.
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60 PART I PhysicsHarmonic B-Mode Im
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62 PART I PhysicsFIG. 3.9 Contrast-
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64 PART I Physicsdramatic manifesta
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66 PART I Physics5 µmFIG. 3.15 Fra
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68 PART I Physicsplatelet lysis), n
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70 PART I PhysicsEnhancement1 2 3 4
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72 PART I Physics46. Hamilton MF, B
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PART TWO: Abdominal and Pelvic Sono
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76 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic Son
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100 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic So
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ABFIG. 5.20 Microabscesses in Two P
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ABFIG. 6.32 Distal Cholangiocarcino
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CHAPTER7The PancreasThomas Winter a
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CHAPTER8The Gastrointestinal TractS
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ABFIG. 8.16 Lymphadenopathy in Two
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A B CD E FG H IFIG. 8.23 Inlammator
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FIG. 8.56 Gastrointestinal Stromal
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CHAPTER9The Kidney and Urinary Trac
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Remnant ofpronephrosMesonephrosBMes
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CHAPTER11The Adrenal GlandsChristin
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CHAPTER12The RetroperitoneumRaymond
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CHAPTER13Dynamic Ultrasound of Hern
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CHAPTER14The PeritoneumAnthony E. H
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CHAPTER15The UterusDouglas Brown an
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CHAPTER16The AdnexaRochelle Filker
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692 PART III Small Parts, Carotid A
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CHAPTER20The Parathyroid GlandsBonn
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*** *FIG. 21.8 Terminal Ductolobula
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CHAPTER22The ScrotumDaniel Sommers
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CHAPTER23Overview of Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER25Musculoskeletal Interventi
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ABCDFIG. 25.15 Biceps Tendon Sheath
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CHAPTER27Peripheral VesselsMark E.
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ABFIG. 27.29 Chronic Deep Venous Th
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1000 PART III Small Parts, Carotid
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e2APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A V
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FIG. A.18 Comet-Tail Artifact. On c
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e12APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A
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I-2 IndexAcetabulumdescription of,
Page 1090 and 1091:
I-4 IndexAnemiafetal, hydrops from,
Page 1092 and 1093:
I-6 IndexAttenuationcoeicient, 36of
Page 1094 and 1095:
I-8 IndexBlood low. See also Cerebr
Page 1096 and 1097:
I-10 IndexBreast(s) (Continued)thic
Page 1098 and 1099:
I-12 IndexCat-scratch disease, pedi
Page 1100 and 1101:
I-14 IndexChorion laeve, 1465-1466C
Page 1102 and 1103:
I-16 IndexContrast agents (Continue
Page 1104 and 1105:
I-18 IndexCyst(s) (Continued) Cyst(
Page 1106 and 1107:
I-20 IndexDoppler ultrasound (Conti
Page 1108 and 1109:
I-22 IndexEndocardial cushion(s), 1
Page 1110 and 1111:
I-24 IndexFibroma(s) (Continued)par
Page 1112 and 1113:
I-26 IndexGerminal epithelium, 565G
Page 1114 and 1115:
I-28 IndexHematoma(s) (Continued)pe
Page 1116 and 1117:
I-30 IndexHoloprosencephaly (HPE) (
Page 1118 and 1119:
I-32 IndexImplants, breast (Continu
Page 1120 and 1121:
I-34 IndexJaundice (Continued)bile
Page 1122 and 1123:
I-36 IndexLipomyelocele, closed spi
Page 1124 and 1125:
I-38 IndexMammary ductsnormal sonog
Page 1126 and 1127:
I-40 IndexMolar pregnancy. See Hyda
Page 1128 and 1129:
I-42 IndexNonrhizomelic chondrodysp
Page 1130 and 1131:
I-44 IndexPancreas (Continued)percu
Page 1132 and 1133:
I-46 IndexPeritoneum (Continued)tum
Page 1134 and 1135:
I-48 IndexPosterior fossa (Continue
Page 1136 and 1137:
I-50 IndexPyloric musclehypertrophy
Page 1138 and 1139:
I-52 IndexSample volume size, Doppl
Page 1140 and 1141:
I-54 IndexSpectral broadening, in D
Page 1142 and 1143:
I-56 IndexSuperoanteromedial ridge,
Page 1144 and 1145:
I-58 Indexhrombosis (Continued)of s
Page 1146 and 1147:
I-60 IndexTrisomy 18 (Edwards syndr
Page 1148 and 1149:
I-62 IndexUrinary tract, pediatric
Page 1150 and 1151:
I-64 IndexWalker-Warburg syndromeco
Page 1152 and 1153:
Page 1155 and 1156:
DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
Page 1157 and 1158:
DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND5TH EDITIONCARO
Page 1159 and 1160:
ABOUT THE EDITORSCarol M. Rumack, M
Page 1161 and 1162:
ContributorsviiCONTRIBUTORSJacques
Page 1163 and 1164:
ContributorsixPeter M. Doubilet, MD
Page 1165 and 1166:
ContributorsxiAna P. Lourenco, MDAs
Page 1167 and 1168:
ContributorsxiiiWendy hurston, MDAs
Page 1169 and 1170:
In memory of my parents, Drs. Ruth
Page 1171 and 1172:
PrefacexviiPREFACEhe ith edition of
Page 1173 and 1174:
AcknowledgmentsxixACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe
Page 1175 and 1176:
ContentsxxiCONTENTSVOLUME IPART I P
Page 1177 and 1178:
Video ContentsxxiiiVIDEO CONTENTS4
Page 1179 and 1180:
Video Contentsxxv19 The Thyroid Gla
Page 1181 and 1182:
Video Contentsxxvii33 The Fetal Fac
Page 1183 and 1184:
Video Contentsxxix52 The Pediatric
Page 1185 and 1186:
DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
Page 1187 and 1188:
PART FOUR: Obstetric and Fetal Sono
Page 1189 and 1190:
CHAPTER 28 Overview of Obstetric Im
Page 1191 and 1192:
Page 1193 and 1194:
Page 1195 and 1196:
ABCDFIG. 28.9 Second-Trimester Biom
Page 1197 and 1198:
Page 1199 and 1200:
Page 1201 and 1202:
Page 1203 and 1204:
Page 1205 and 1206:
Page 1207 and 1208:
CHAPTER 29 Bioeffects and Safety of
Page 1209 and 1210:
Page 1211 and 1212:
Page 1213 and 1214:
Page 1215 and 1216:
Page 1217 and 1218:
Page 1219 and 1220:
Page 1221 and 1222:
CHAPTER 30 The First Trimester 1049
Page 1223 and 1224:
Page 1225 and 1226:
Page 1227 and 1228:
Page 1229 and 1230:
Page 1231 and 1232:
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Page 1255 and 1256:
Page 1257 and 1258:
Page 1259 and 1260:
Page 1261 and 1262:
CHAPTER 31 Chromosomal Abnormalitie
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Page 1265 and 1266:
Page 1267 and 1268:
Page 1269 and 1270:
Page 1271 and 1272:
Page 1273 and 1274:
Page 1275 and 1276:
Page 1277 and 1278:
ABCDFIG. 31.12 Sonographic Findings
Page 1279 and 1280:
Page 1281 and 1282:
Page 1283 and 1284:
Page 1285 and 1286:
Page 1287 and 1288:
CHAPTER32Multifetal PregnancyMary C
Page 1289 and 1290:
CHAPTER 32 Multifetal Pregnancy 111
Page 1291 and 1292:
Page 1293 and 1294:
ABFIG. 32.5 Sonographic Findings Se
Page 1295 and 1296:
Page 1297 and 1298:
Page 1299 and 1300:
Page 1301 and 1302:
Page 1303 and 1304:
Page 1305 and 1306:
CHAPTER33The Fetal Face and NeckAna
Page 1307 and 1308:
CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck
Page 1309 and 1310:
Page 1311 and 1312:
Page 1313 and 1314:
Page 1315 and 1316:
Page 1317 and 1318:
ABCDFIG. 33.13 Hypertelorism With E
Page 1319 and 1320:
ABCDFIG. 33.16 Dacryocystocele. (A)
Page 1321 and 1322:
Page 1323 and 1324:
Page 1325 and 1326:
Page 1327 and 1328:
ABCDEFFIG. 33.24 Unilateral Complet
Page 1329 and 1330:
Page 1331 and 1332:
Page 1333 and 1334:
Page 1335 and 1336:
Page 1337 and 1338:
Page 1339 and 1340:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1167impo
Page 1341 and 1342:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1169cmAB
Page 1343 and 1344:
CingulatePOCalcarineAB21 wkCD25 wkI
Page 1345 and 1346:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1173FIG.
Page 1347 and 1348:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1175LTAR
Page 1349 and 1350:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1177CC12
Page 1351 and 1352:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1179SPEC
Page 1353 and 1354:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1181ABCD
Page 1355 and 1356:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1183asym
Page 1357 and 1358:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1185FIG.
Page 1359 and 1360:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1187Cere
Page 1361 and 1362:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1189loba
Page 1363 and 1364:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1191ABCF
Page 1365 and 1366:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1193ABCF
Page 1367 and 1368:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1195spor
Page 1369 and 1370:
ABCCCDEFFIG. 34.24 Type 2 Lissencep
Page 1371 and 1372:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1199ABFI
Page 1373 and 1374:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 120120 w
Page 1375 and 1376:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1203Ultr
Page 1377 and 1378:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1205ABCD
Page 1379 and 1380:
VSSABHHPHCDEFFIG. 34.35 Intracrania
Page 1381 and 1382:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1209VABC
Page 1383 and 1384:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1211Huma
Page 1385 and 1386:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1213121.
Page 1387 and 1388:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1215221.
Page 1389 and 1390:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1217ABCF
Page 1391 and 1392:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1219L1S3
Page 1393 and 1394:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1221FTFT
Page 1395 and 1396:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1223FIG.
Page 1397 and 1398:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1225TABL
Page 1399 and 1400:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1227Feta
Page 1401 and 1402:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1229MMAB
Page 1403 and 1404:
ABCDEFFIG. 35.15 Skin-Covered Myelo
Page 1405 and 1406:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1233diic
Page 1407 and 1408:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1235CCSC
Page 1409 and 1410:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1237chon
Page 1411 and 1412:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1239BSCT
Page 1413 and 1414:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 124162.
Page 1415 and 1416:
CHAPTER36The Fetal ChestDorothy Bul
Page 1417 and 1418:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1245seco
Page 1419 and 1420:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1247TABL
Page 1421 and 1422:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1249Left
Page 1423 and 1424:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12511ABC
Page 1425 and 1426:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1253ABCF
Page 1427 and 1428:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1255cent
Page 1429 and 1430:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1257Left
Page 1431 and 1432:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1259ABCD
Page 1433 and 1434:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1261RTLT
Page 1435 and 1436:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1263ARig
Page 1437 and 1438:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12659. B
Page 1439 and 1440:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1267107.
Page 1441 and 1442:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1269204.
Page 1443 and 1444:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1271TABL
Page 1445 and 1446:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1273TABL
Page 1447 and 1448:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1275Plac
Page 1449 and 1450:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1277ADop
Page 1451 and 1452:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1279LVRV
Page 1453 and 1454:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1281RARV
Page 1455 and 1456:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1283RARV
Page 1457 and 1458:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1285Norm
Page 1459 and 1460:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1287RVLV
Page 1461 and 1462:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1289RVTA
Page 1463 and 1464:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1291LVRA
Page 1465 and 1466:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1293Aspl
Page 1467 and 1468:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1295PLVL
Page 1469 and 1470:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1297HR-L
Page 1471 and 1472:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 129951.
Page 1473 and 1474:
Page 1475 and 1476:
Page 1477 and 1478:
CHAPTER 38 The Fetal Gastrointestin
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UrogenitalsinusMesonephrosMesonephr
Page 1511 and 1512:
CHAPTER 39 The Fetal Urogenital Tra
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CHAPTER 40 The Fetal Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1413ABFIG.
Page 1587 and 1588:
ABCDFIG. 41.2 Ascites. (A) Fluid ou
Page 1589 and 1590:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1417A B CD
Page 1591 and 1592:
Page 1593 and 1594:
Page 1595 and 1596:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1423later
Page 1597 and 1598:
Page 1599 and 1600:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1427CHABCH
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1429Monoch
Page 1603 and 1604:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1431feedin
Page 1605 and 1606:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1433TABLE
Page 1607 and 1608:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1435sampli
Page 1609 and 1610:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1437Predel
Page 1611 and 1612:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 143973. Ma
Page 1613 and 1614:
CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1441169. I
Page 1615 and 1616:
CHAPTER42Fetal Measurements: Normal
Page 1617 and 1618:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1445F
Page 1619 and 1620:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1447T
Page 1621 and 1622:
Page 1623 and 1624:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1451p
Page 1625 and 1626:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1453d
Page 1627 and 1628:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1455A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1459A
Page 1633 and 1634:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14618
Page 1635 and 1636:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14631
Page 1637 and 1638:
CHAPTER43Sonographic Evaluation oft
Page 1639 and 1640:
CHAPTER 43 Sonographic Evaluation o
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CHAPTER44Cervical Ultrasound and Pr
Page 1669 and 1670:
CHAPTER 44 Cervical Ultrasound and
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Page 1673 and 1674:
Page 1675 and 1676:
Page 1677 and 1678:
Page 1679 and 1680:
Page 1681 and 1682:
Page 1683 and 1684:
PART FIVE: Pediatric SonographyCHAP
Page 1685 and 1686:
CHAPTER 45 Neonatal and Infant Brai
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Page 1733 and 1734:
Page 1735 and 1736:
Page 1737 and 1738:
Page 1739 and 1740:
Page 1741 and 1742:
Page 1743 and 1744:
Page 1745 and 1746:
CHAPTER46Duplex Sonography of the N
Page 1747 and 1748: CHAPTER 46 Duplex Sonography of the
Page 1763 and 1764: CHAPTER47Doppler Sonography of the
Page 1765 and 1766: CHAPTER 47 Doppler Sonography of th
Page 1797: CHAPTER 47 Doppler Sonography of th
Page 1801 and 1802: CHAPTER 48 The Pediatric Head and N
Page 1845 and 1846: CHAPTER 49 The Pediatric Spinal Can
Page 1847 and 1848: CHAPTER 49 The Pediatric Spinal Can
Page 1849 and 1850:
CHAPTER 49 The Pediatric Spinal Can
Page 1851 and 1852:
Page 1853 and 1854:
Page 1855 and 1856:
Page 1857 and 1858:
Page 1859 and 1860:
Page 1861 and 1862:
Page 1863 and 1864:
Page 1865 and 1866:
RA B CDEFGFIG. 49.27 Neuroblastoma
Page 1867 and 1868:
Page 1869 and 1870:
Page 1871 and 1872:
Page 1873 and 1874:
CHAPTER50The Pediatric ChestChetan
Page 1875 and 1876:
CHAPTER 50 The Pediatric Chest 1703
Page 1877 and 1878:
Page 1879 and 1880:
Page 1881 and 1882:
Page 1883 and 1884:
Page 1885 and 1886:
Page 1887 and 1888:
Page 1889 and 1890:
Page 1891 and 1892:
Page 1893 and 1894:
Page 1895 and 1896:
Page 1897 and 1898:
Page 1899 and 1900:
Page 1901 and 1902:
Page 1903 and 1904:
CHAPTER 51 The Pediatric Liver and
Page 1905 and 1906:
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Page 1909 and 1910:
Page 1911 and 1912:
Page 1913 and 1914:
Page 1915 and 1916:
Page 1917 and 1918:
Page 1919 and 1920:
Page 1921 and 1922:
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Page 1927 and 1928:
Page 1929 and 1930:
Page 1931 and 1932:
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Page 1937 and 1938:
Page 1939 and 1940:
Page 1941 and 1942:
Page 1943 and 1944:
ABCFIG. 51.39 Hepatosplenomegaly. W
Page 1945 and 1946:
Page 1947 and 1948:
CHAPTER52The Pediatric Urinary Trac
Page 1949 and 1950:
CHAPTER 52 The Pediatric Urinary Tr
Page 1951 and 1952:
TABLE 52.4 Mean Total Renal Volumes
Page 1953 and 1954:
Page 1955 and 1956:
Page 1957 and 1958:
Page 1959 and 1960:
Page 1961 and 1962:
Page 1963 and 1964:
Page 1965 and 1966:
Page 1967 and 1968:
Page 1969 and 1970:
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Page 1973 and 1974:
Page 1975 and 1976:
Page 1977 and 1978:
Page 1979 and 1980:
Page 1981 and 1982:
Page 1983 and 1984:
Page 1985 and 1986:
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Page 1989 and 1990:
Page 1991 and 1992:
Page 1993 and 1994:
Page 1995 and 1996:
Page 1997 and 1998:
Page 1999 and 2000:
Page 2001 and 2002:
Page 2003 and 2004:
Page 2005 and 2006:
CHAPTER53The Pediatric Gastrointest
Page 2007 and 2008:
CHAPTER 53 The Pediatric Gastrointe
Page 2009 and 2010:
Page 2011 and 2012:
Page 2013 and 2014:
Page 2015 and 2016:
Page 2017 and 2018:
Page 2019 and 2020:
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Page 2033 and 2034:
Page 2035 and 2036:
Page 2037 and 2038:
Page 2039 and 2040:
Page 2041 and 2042:
Page 2043 and 2044:
CHAPTER 54 Pediatric Pelvic Sonogra
Page 2045 and 2046:
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Page 2087 and 2088:
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Page 2091 and 2092:
Page 2093 and 2094:
CHAPTER 55 The Pediatric Hip and Ot
Page 2095 and 2096:
Page 2097 and 2098:
Page 2099 and 2100:
Page 2101 and 2102:
Page 2103 and 2104:
Page 2105 and 2106:
Page 2107 and 2108:
Page 2109 and 2110:
ABCDFIG. 55.13 Normal and Dislocate
Page 2111 and 2112:
Page 2113 and 2114:
Page 2115 and 2116:
CHAPTER 56 Pediatric Interventional
Page 2117 and 2118:
Page 2119 and 2120:
Page 2121 and 2122:
Page 2123 and 2124:
Page 2125 and 2126:
Page 2127 and 2128:
Page 2129 and 2130:
Page 2131 and 2132:
ABCFIG. 56.15 Access for Drainage o
Page 2133 and 2134:
Page 2135 and 2136:
Page 2137 and 2138:
Page 2139 and 2140:
Page 2141 and 2142:
APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A Vir
Page 2143 and 2144:
APPENDIX Ultrasound Artifacts: A Vi
Page 2145 and 2146:
Page 2147 and 2148:
Page 2149 and 2150:
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Page 2175 and 2176:
Page 2177 and 2178:
Page 2179 and 2180:
IndexAAA anastomoses. See Arterial/
Page 2181 and 2182:
Index I-3Adnexa (Continued)transvag
Page 2183 and 2184:
Index I-5Arrays, transducer, 11-12A
Page 2185 and 2186:
Index I-7Bioefects (Continued) Biop
Page 2187 and 2188:
Index I-9Brain, neonatal/infant (Co
Page 2189 and 2190:
Index I-11Carcinoma(s) (Continued)
Page 2191 and 2192:
Index I-13Cervix (Continued)for sym
Page 2193 and 2194:
Index I-15Color Doppler ultrasound
Page 2195 and 2196:
Index I-17Cystic artery, 194promine
Page 2197 and 2198:
Index I-19Diabetes mellituschronic
Page 2199 and 2200:
Index I-21Echinococcal disease (Con
Page 2201 and 2202:
Index I-23Exudate ascites, 506-507E
Page 2203 and 2204:
Index I-25Gallbladder (Continued)ad
Page 2205 and 2206:
Index I-27Gyriabnormalities of, in
Page 2207 and 2208:
Index I-29Hernia(s). See also Diaph
Page 2209 and 2210:
Index I-31Hyperechoic tissue, in br
Page 2211 and 2212:
Index I-33Internal jugular vein (IJ
Page 2213 and 2214:
Index I-35Kidneys, pediatric (Conti
Page 2215 and 2216:
Index I-37Liver transplantation (Co
Page 2217 and 2218:
Index I-39Mesentery, small bowel, 5
Page 2219 and 2220:
Index I-41Nasal bone, fetal (Contin
Page 2221 and 2222:
Index I-43Orbits, fetal (Continued)
Page 2223 and 2224:
Index I-45Patau syndrome. See Triso
Page 2225 and 2226:
Index I-47Pleural efusionsfetal, 12
Page 2227 and 2228:
Index I-49Prostate (Continued)thera
Page 2229 and 2230:
Index I-51Renal transplantation (Co
Page 2231 and 2232:
Index I-53Shunt(s) (Continued) Skel
Page 2233 and 2234:
Index I-55Splenic vein (Continued)t
Page 2235 and 2236:
Index I-57Testis(es) (Continued)cys
Page 2237 and 2238:
Index I-59Transcranial Doppler (TCD
Page 2239 and 2240:
Index I-61Umbilical cord, 1481-1487
Page 2241 and 2242:
Index I-63Vein of Galen (Continued)
Page 2243 and 2244:
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Page 2247 and 2248:
Page 2249:
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