Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

Index I-21
Echinococcal disease (Continued)
peritoneal, 517
splenic, 147, 150f
Echinococcosis, in pediatric liver, 1748
Echinococcus granulosus, 613
hepatic infestation by, 88–89
Echinococcus multilocularis, parasitic infestation by,
90
Echocardiography, fetal
ive-chamber view in, 1275, 1279f
four-chamber view in
apical, 1274–1275, 1277f
subcostal, 1274–1275, 1277f
indications for, 1270–1273, 1273b
M-mode, 1275, 1280f–1281f
three-vessel and trachea view in, 1275, 1279f
timing of, 1274
Echoendoscope, 428–429
Echoes, 3–4. See also Nonlinear echoes
fundamental, 58–59
Echogenic bowel
fetal
aneuploidy and, 1315–1316, 1315f
bowel obstruction and, 1316
CF and, 1316
conditions associated with, 1315b
fetal growth restriction and fetal demise with,
1316
infection and, 1316
intraamniotic bleeding and, 1316
meconium peritonitis and, 1313
in trisomy 21, 1100f, 1101
Echogenic capsule, thin, in breast sonography, 797
Echogenic intimal lap, in carotid artery dissection,
946, 948f
Echogenic lines, nearly parallel, in normal carotid
wall, 918–919, 919f
Echogenic metastases, of liver, 125, 128f
Echogenic rim, in breast sonography, with
hyperechoic spicules, 787–788, 789f
Echogenicity, in liver mass detection, 106–107
Echo-ranging, 3
Echovist, 55–56
ECMO. See Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
ECST. See European Carotid Surgery Trial
Ectasia, aortic, 440
Ectoderm layer, of trilaminar embryonic disc,
1216–1217, 1217f
Ectodermal-neuroectodermal tract, focal, 1674
Ectopia cordis, fetal
abdominal wall and, 1329, 1329f
pentalogy of Cantrell and, 1329
structural cardiac anomalies and, 1295, 1296f,
1329
Ectopic pregnancy, 1069–1076
abdominal, 1074, 1075f
cervical, 1073–1074, 1074f
clinical presentation of, 1069–1070
heterotopic gestation and, 1070–1071, 1072f
implantation sites of, 1072–1073
abdominal, 1074, 1075f
cervical, 1073–1074, 1074f
cesarean scar, 1073, 1075f
interstitial, 1073, 1074f
infertility and, 1070
interstitial, 1073, 1074f
management of, 1075–1076
conservative, 1076
failure of, 1076, 1076f
laparoscopy for, 1076
medical, 1076
nonspeciic sonographic indings in, 1072–1073
adnexal mass and, 1072, 1073f
ectopic tubal ring as, 1072, 1073f
Ectopic pregnancy (Continued)
endometrium and, 1072–1073
free pelvic luid and, 1072, 1073f
pediatric, 1884–1885, 1885f
prevalence of, 1070
risk of, 1070b
ruptures, hemoperitoneum in, 508f
serum β-hCG levels and, 1071
sonographic diagnosis of, 1070–1071,
1070f–1071f
speciic sonographic indings in, 1071–1072,
1072f
of unknown location, 1075
Ectopic thyroid tissue, 694
Ectrodactyly, fetal, 1406–1407, 1406f
EDD. See Expected date of delivery
Edema
breast sonography and, 795
cerebral
neonatal/infant, 1550–1556, 1554f–1555f,
1580
pediatric, TCD sonography in, 1614, 1617f
gut, 295, 297f
of ovaries, massive, 578
pediatric, 1878–1879, 1879f
scrotal, idiopathic, 846
pediatric, 1898–1899, 1898f
subcutaneous, fetal, in hydrops, 1417,
1419f–1420f
Edematous cord, 1484f
Edwards syndrome. See Trisomy 18
EF. See Endocardial ibroelastosis
EFSUMB. See European Federation of Societies of
Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology
Eggshell calciication, breast cysts and, 779,
780f
EHE. See Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Ejaculatory ducts, 382f–383f, 384
cysts of, 392
obstruction of, 393–394
transurethral resection of, 393
Elastography
basic points in, 15–16, 16b
for breast assessment, 772–773, 773f
gut wall and, 261
for musculoskeletal system, 857
for prostate cancer, 407
shear wave, 16, 17f–18f, 772
cirrhosis of liver and, 95–96
for pediatric liver, 1764, 1765f
strain, 16, 17f, 772
for thyroid gland assessment, 692, 714–715,
715f–716f
transient, 1764
Elbow
injection of, 901
pediatric, dislocations of, 1933–1934
ulnar nerve dislocation at, 865–866, 866f
Electronic beam steering, 10–11
“Elephant trunk” sign, fetal cloacal exstrophy and,
1328
Elevation planes, 12f
Elevation resolution, 19, 19f
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome, 1396, 1397f,
1398–1399
polydactyly in, 1382
Emboli showers, 1621–1622
Embolism
carotid artery, TIAs from, 919
pulmonary, DVT causing
lower extremity, 979, 981f
upper extremity, 994
Embolization, uterine artery, for uterine ibroids,
540
Embolus, renal artery stenosis and, 447
Embryo. See also Aneuploidy, screening for,
irst-trimester; Chromosomal
abnormalities
abnormal, 1077
anencephaly in, 1077
cardiac activity of, normal sonographic
appearance of, 1058–1059, 1060f
with CRL less than 7mm and no heartbeat, 1064
deinition of, 1445
early pregnancy failure and gestational sac with
no, 1063–1065, 1065f
evaluation of, 1076–1077
heartbeat of, in gestational age determination,
1445, 1445f, 1446t
intracranial cystic structures in, 1077, 1077f
normal development of, mimicking pathology,
1077, 1077f
normal sonographic appearance of, 1057,
1059f–1060f
physiologic anterior abdominal wall herniation
in, 1077, 1077f, 1322, 1323f
omphalocele confused with, 1325, 1327f
sonographic appearance of, normal, 1018f
transfer, 1070
in yolk sac, 1058f
Embryonal carcinoma, 823, 825f
ovarian, 1880
pediatric, testicular, 1899
Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma, pediatric,
paratesticular, 1903–1904, 1903f
Embryonal sarcoma, undiferentiated, in pediatric
liver, 1746, 1748f
Embryonic bradycardia, 1068–1069, 1068f
Embryonic disc, trilaminar, in spinal development,
1216–1217, 1217f
Embryonic period, 1053–1054
Emphysema, lobar, congenital, 1251, 1253f
Emphysematous cholecystitis, 175, 198f, 200
Emphysematous cystitis, 333, 334f
Emphysematous pyelitis, 326–327, 327f
Emphysematous pyelonephritis, 325–326, 326f
Empty stomach artifact, 1838, 1839f
Empyemas, pediatric, 1702–1711
abscess diferentiated from, 1725, 1726f
drainage of, 1954, 1958f
lung abscess compared to, 1711, 1713f
parapneumonic collections and, 1710–1711
from pneumonia, 1707f
sonographic appearance of, 1707f
Encephalitis
CMV, neonatal, 1559f
pediatric, neurogenic bladder in, 1907
Encephalocele(s)
corpus callosum agenesis and, 1526–1528
fetal
amniotic band syndrome and, 1330
anencephaly diferentiated from, 1179
fetal brain and, 1179–1182, 1181f, 1182t
pentalogy of Cantrell and, 1329
sloped forehead in, 1139–1140
Encephaloclastic schizencephaly, 1196
Encephalomalacia, cystic, 1538, 1539f
End diastolic ratio, in internal carotid artery
stenosis evaluation, 937
End diastolic velocity
in assessing degree of carotid stenosis, 929
in mesenteric duplex Doppler sonography
interpretation, 454
Endarterectomy, carotid
for carotid stenosis, 916
pediatric, TCD sonography in, 1621
sonographic features following, 942, 944f
Endocardial cushion defects, 1284
Volume I pp 1–1014 • Volume II pp 1015–1968