Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

I-4 Index
Anemia
fetal, hydrops from, 1431
pediatric, Fanconi, 1746
Anencephaly, 1218
CDH and, 1263
detection of, early, 1018–1019, 1019f
embryonic, 1077
in fetal brain, 1179, 1180f
temperature increase in utero and, 1037
thickened NT and, 1096f
Anesthetics
local, for pediatric interventional sonography,
1951, 1952f
for musculoskeletal injections, 901
Aneuploidy. See also Trisomy 21
background risk for, 1088, 1089f
deinition of, 1088
fetal echogenic bowel and, 1315–1316, 1315f
fetal gastroschisis and, 1324–1325
fetal liver calciications and, 1316–1318
hand and foot abnormalities in, 1404, 1406f
identiication of, luorescent in situ hybridization
in, 1433–1434
pyelectasis as marker for, 1355
risk of, NT in assessing for, 1018–1019, 1019f,
1049
screening for, irst-trimester, 1089–1097
with cell-free DNA, 1107
combined, 1090–1091
contingent, 1091
cystic hygroma in, 1093, 1093f
integrated, 1091
in multifetal pregnancy, 1091
nasal bone in, 1093–1095, 1094b, 1094f
NT in trisomy 13 and 18, 1093
NT in trisomy 21 and, 1089, 1090f
NT measurement technique and, 1091–1093,
1092b
reversed low in ductus venosus in, 1095,
1095f
sequential, 1091
serum biochemical markers in,
1089–1090
thickened NT in congenital heart defects and,
1095–1097, 1096f
tricuspid regurgitation in, 1095
skeletal indings with, 1407–1409
Aneurysm(s). See also Abdominal aortic
aneurysm
abdominal aortic, 433–439
atrial septal, 1295
in AVF for hemodialysis, 1003, 1005f
carotid low disturbances in, 928
common carotid artery, 947–948
hepatic artery, ater liver transplantation, 1768,
1769f–1770f
of peripheral arteries
lower extremity, 971–972, 972f
upper extremity, 976
portal vein, 103–104
ater liver transplantation, 1768,
1769f–1770f
renal artery, 369, 369f, 451
in synthetic arteriovenous grat for hemodialysis,
1003
umbilical artery, 1483
vein of Galen, 1204, 1206f
arachnoid cysts diferentiated from,
1192–1193
cavum veli interpositi cysts diferentiated
from, 1170
in neonatal/infant brain, duplex Doppler
sonography of, 1583–1584, 1585f–1586f
ventricular, congenital, 1294
Angiogenesis, in yolk sac wall, 1057
Angiography, in carotid stenosis diagnosis, 916
Angiomas, littoral cell, splenic, 153–156, 156f
Angiomyolipomas
of liver, 117–118, 119f
renal, 351–352, 351f–352f
pediatric, 1820, 1822f
Angiosarcoma
hepatic, 123
splenic lesions in, 153, 155f
Angle of incidence, 5
Angle of insonation, 4
Angle of refraction, 5
Angle theta
consistent, in carotid spectral analysis, 926–927
Doppler
deinition of, 926
measurement of, 926–927, 926f
increasing, to overcome aliasing, 939
Angular margins, in breast sonography, 788–789,
790f
Aniridia, sporadic, Wilms tumor screening with,
1818
Anisospondyly, in dyssegmental dysplasia, 1399
Anisotropic efect, in HPS sonography, 1838,
1838b, 1839f
Anisotropic efect artifact, 1517
Anisotropy
shoulder ultrasound and, 895, 895f
tendon, 859, 860f, 899
Ankle, injection of, 901
supericial peritendinous and periarticular,
902–904, 903f–904f
Annular constricting lesions, 261–264, 263f
Annular pancreas, fetal, 1320, 1321f
Anomalous pulmonary venous return (APVR),
1280, 1282f, 1290, 1291f
total compared to partial, 1290
Anophthalmia, 1140, 1145f
Anorchidism, 1890
Anorectal malformations, fetal, 1310–1312, 1311f
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
of infant, RI in, 1576, 1577t
of infant, RI in, fontanelle compression in
hydrocephalus and, 1582, 1584f
stenosis of, SCD and, 1607f
TCD sonography for collateral low in, 1610,
1611f
as transtemporal approach landmark, 1592,
1593f–1594f
Antibiotic prophylaxis, TRUS-guided biopsy and,
407, 408f
Antibiotics, for pediatric interventional
sonography, 1951
Anticoagulants, deiciency of physiologic, dural
sinus thrombosis from, 1205–1206
Antley-Bixler syndrome, craniosynostosis in,
1136–1138
Antral dyskinesia, 1836–1838
Antral foveolar hyperplasia, prostaglandininduced,
1839–1840
Antral web, pediatric, 1839, 1840f
Anus
ectopic, pediatric, 1847–1848, 1850f
imperforate, 1310–1311
block vertebrae with, 1689, 1692f
high, pediatric, risk of spinal dysraphism
with, 1689
pediatric, 1847–1848, 1850f
Aorta
coarctation of, 1291, 1292f
fetal, hydrops from, 1423–1424
hypoplastic let heart syndrome with, 1287
fetal, continuity of, 1278f
small, in Turner syndrome, 1106f, 1107
Aortic arch
fetal, 1275, 1279f
pediatric, cervical, 1658
Aortic balloon pump, carotid low waveforms and,
936–937, 936f
Aortic coarctation, renal artery stenosis and, 447,
449f
Aortic root, fetal, diameter of, 1277f
Aortic stenosis, 1292
carotid low waveforms and, 936–937
fetal, hydrops from, 1423–1424
Aortic valve, lesions of, carotid low waveforms
and, 936–937
Aortoenteric istulas, 438
Apert syndrome
craniosynostosis in, 1136–1138
midface hypoplasia in, 1148
Aplasia
pulmonary, 1245–1246
of thyroid gland, 694, 694f
Apnea, sleep, pediatric TCD sonography for, 1611
Aponeurosis, torn, in spigelian hernia, 483–484,
487f
Appendices epiploicae, torsion of, 290
Appendicitis
acute
clinical misdiagnosis of, 283–285
pathophysiology of, 283
right lower quadrant pain from, 282–285
sonographic diagnosis of, 283, 283b
symptoms of, 283
transvaginal ultrasound for diagnosis of, 283,
285f
Crohn, 285, 287f
focally inlamed fat in, 521
pediatric, 1855–1860
acute, 1857, 1859f
Meckel diverticulum resembling, 1858–1860,
1862f
normal appearance of, 1857, 1858f
perforated, 1857, 1857b, 1861f
sonographic signs of, 1857b
Appendicolith, 283
Appendix. See also Appendicitis
inlammation of, 282–285
mucocele of, 299, 299f
pediatric
abscess of, 1871f, 1877
abscess of, drainage of, 1956, 1960f
gangrenous, 1857, 1861f
normal, 1857, 1858f
perforations of, 283–285, 285b, 286f
Appendix epididymis, pediatric, 1897, 1897f
Appendix testis, 820–821, 820f
pediatric, 1897
“Apple peel” jejunal atresia, 1310
Aprosencephaly, 1186
APVR. See Anomalous pulmonary venous return
Aqueduct of Sylvius
in rhombencephalosynapsis, 1192
stenosis of
obstructive hydrocephalus from, 1538, 1540f
VM and, 1177, 1177f
Arachnoid cyst(s)
cavum veli interpositi cysts diferentiated from,
1170
corpus callosum agenesis and, 1526–1528
fetal brain and, 1192–1193, 1193f
of neonatal/infant brain, 1563–1565, 1565b
spinal canal and, pediatric, 1695–1697, 1696f
Arachnoid granulations, 1177
Arcuate arteries, calciications of, 531–532, 533f
Arcuate uterus, 534, 536–538, 536f–537f
Area cerebrovasculosa, in anencephaly, 1179
Area membranacea, 1189
Arelexia, detrusor, 372–374, 373f
ARFI. See Acoustic radiation force imaging
ARPKD. See Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney
disease