Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

708 PART III Small Parts, Carotid Artery, and Peripheral Vessel Sonography
A B C
D
E
F
G H I
FIG. 19.25 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma: Spectrum of Appearances. (A)-(C) Hypoechoic solid nodules with coarse internal calciications.
(D)-(F) Hypoechoic solid nodules with ine internal calciications. (G)-(I) Hypoechoic solid nodules without calciication and with a similar appearance
as follicular neoplasms. C, Carotid artery.
computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) of the neck usually demonstrates the extent of disease
more accurately.
Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma:
Sonographic Features
Large, hypoechoic mass
Encase or invade blood vessels
Invade neck muscles
Lymphoma
Lymphoma accounts for approximately 4% of all thyroid malignancies.
It is mostly of the non-Hodgkin type and usually afects
older women. he typical clinical sign is a rapidly growing
mass that may cause symptoms of obstruction such as dyspnea
and dysphagia. 36 In 70% to 80% of patients, lymphoma arises
from a preexisting chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (Hashimoto
thyroiditis) with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism.
he prognosis is highly variable and depends on the stage
of the disease. Five-year survival ranges from almost 90% in
early-stage cases to less than 5% in advanced, disseminated
disease.