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1200 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal SonographyABCDEFIG. 34.28 Tuberous Sclerosis at 30 Weeks on MagneticResonance Imaging. (A) Typical hamartoma, or giant-celltumor, is visible at the foramen of Monro indenting the anteriorfrontal horn of the lateral ventricle (arrow). Both ventricles aredilated. (B) Rhabdomyomas involving the heart are visible asechogenic cardiac masses in the left and right ventricles (arrows).(C) and (D) Subependymal hamartomas (arrows) in a differentfetus with cardiac rhabdomyomas. Sagittal views demonstratelow-signal-intensity lesions projecting into the body and temporalhorn of the lateral ventricles. These subependymal tubers werenot identiied sonographically. (E) Sagittal transvaginal sonogramfrom a different fetus shows cortical tuber (arrow). (C and Dreproduced with permission from Levine D. MR imaging of fetalbrain and spine. In: Atlas SW, editor. Magnetic resonance imagingof the brain and spine. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 2008. 257 )
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 120120 weeks. Development proceeds in an anteroposterior manner,beginning anteriorly with the genu, then body and spleniumposteriorly, and inally the anterior tip, the rostrum. 8,25,154 hecorpus callosum measures 4 mm at 16 weeks and grows to 45 mmby term. here is no gender diference in length, but it is thickerin girls. 221 Callosal development is associated with the developmentof the septal lealets and the CSP. When septal lealets are present,at least the anterior portion of the corpus callosum has formed. 25,40ACC may be complete or partial, developmental or acquired.ACC has a high incidence of associated malformations, suggestingthat it is part of a generalized widespread developmental disturbance.Additional CNS abnormalities are reported in 45% to80% of fetuses, especially involving the posterior fossa, includingDWM, inferior vermian hypoplasia, Chiari II, and abnormalneuronal migration. Somatic and metabolic abnormalities areseen in up to 60% and include facial abnormalities, congenitalheart disease, and skeletal and genitourinary abnormalities. ACCis part of numerous syndromes including Aicardi and Joubertsyndrome and acquired conditions such as fetal alcohol syndromeand infections. 25,154,220Developmental disturbances ater the corpus callosum hasstarted to form usually interrupt the formation of the moreposterior parts of the corpus callosum, but insults ater callosaldevelopment is complete can cause secondary atrophy of previouslydeveloped central portions. Because callosal developmentis not complete until 20 weeks, early diagnosis of ACC may bediicult. 154,222 Diagnosis of abnormalities of the corpus callosumrequires it to be directly imaged in the midsagittal plane; thisview is not currently included in the recommended views forthe routine anatomy scan (see Figs. 34.2E and 34.17) but shouldbe used with detailed neurosonography whenever a fetal morphologicabnormality is detected.On routine scans reliance for screening for callosal and othermidline abnormalities is placed on indirect indings on thestandard views, especially the CSP, which should be sought onall axial scans ater about 16 to 17 weeks. hese indirect indingsinclude absent or deformed CSP, VM with colpocephaly (teardropventricles), ventricles parallel to the midline, interhemisphericwidening, and on occasion associated indings such as interhemisphericcysts and lipomas (Fig. 34.29; see also Fig. 34.26;Video 34.8, Video 34.9, Video 34.10, and Video 34.11). If theCSP is not seen with certainty on standard scans, then additionalcoronal and sagittal views should be taken to evaluate it and,more important, the corpus callosum and to evaluate for othermidline conditions such as HPE. 2,25,223,224 Unless care is taken, itis possible to overlook CSP abnormality because with partialACC a small CSP may be present and with complete ACC theremay be a high-riding third ventricle or an interhemispheric cystthat mimics the CSP. Unfortunately, the indirect signs such asVM, colpocephaly, and hemispheric separation are not alwayspresent. 222Once the diagnosis is suspected, coronal and median views,especially with transvaginal scanning and 3-D ultrasound, helpto conirm the diagnosis. he diagnosis is made on midsagittalviews that show that the corpus callosum is absent or deicientand can show corroborating indings. On coronal views the thirdventricle may be elevated and the crossing corpus callosum tractsare absent. he medial walls of the anterior horns of the lateralventricles are commonly indented from their superomedial aspectby the bundles of Probst (buildup of callosal ibers that fail tocross midline) and change the ventricular coniguration from aV to a U (Viking or steer horn appearance). Color low Dopplerscans can be used to demonstrate an abnormal course of thepericallosal and cingulate arteries, which normally follow thecontour of the callosomarginal sulcus, but with ACC they assumea more radial course. his vascular change may already be seenin the irst trimester . 99 Occasionally, fetuses with callosal abnormalitiesdevelop interhemispheric cysts or a midline lipoma. hecysts may be herniations from the third ventricle or separatedfrom the ventricles when they are commonly associated withmigrational abnormality. In the third trimester the medialhemispheric sulci assume a “sunburst” orientation radiating fromthe thalamus instead of the normal arc of the cingulate sulcus.On axial views this gives the appearance of a “hairy midline”with sulci radiating out from the interhemispheric issure. 154MRI is helpful to conirm the diagnosis and especially to searchfor additional, subtle abnormalities such as migrationaldisorders. 154,220Pitfalls in sonographic interpretation include mistaking thehigh position of the third ventricle, other luid spaces, and thefornices for the CSP. On 3-D scans, care must be taken to avoidmistaking the pericallosal sulcus for the corpus callosum. 225,226Other conditions may also show CSP abnormality including HCwith septal fenestrations, SOD, HPE, and schizencephaly. MarkedHC may fenestrate the septal leaves, raising the suspicion ofACC, but midsagittal scanning can show the displaced stretchedcorpus callosum in its expected location.Investigation of suspected cases includes detailed CNS andsomatic ultrasound, karyotype (chromosomal abnormalities occurin about 18%), microarray, screening for TORCH infections,and MRI. If pregnancy continues, follow-up examinations maydetect late-appearing abnormalities. Prognosis relates to theassociated anomalies, but unfortunately about 15% of associatedproblems are not evident prenatally. he prognosis for trulyisolated ACC can be good in 65% to 75% of cases but guarded,because unfortunately in some cases functional deicits do notbecome apparent until later life. 220Absence of Septi Pellucidi andSepto-Optic DysplasiaAbsence of the septi pellucidi is rare and occurs in about 2 to3 per 100,000 pregnancies. It can be primary, resulting fromdevelopmental disturbances including HPE, SOD, schizencephaly,ACC, and malformations of cortical development, or secondaryater disruption as with HC or porencephaly. 25,154 Absence isvirtually always associated with other abnormalities, and absenceof the CSP warrants detailed neurosonography assessment. Rarelyit can be isolated with good outcome.Septo-optic dysplasia (SOD, de Morsier syndrome) manifestsas heterogeneous triad of absence of septi pellucidi and CSP,hypoplasia of optic nerves and chiasm, and pituitary dysfunction(Fig. 34.30, Video 34.12). It is heterogeneous in etiology andappearance. Most cases are sporadic, but some are familial. Onultrasound, there is absence of the septi pellucidi. On coronal
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viiiContributorsOlga R. Brook, MDAs
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xContributorsChristy K. Holland, Ph
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xiiContributorsRupa Radhakrishnan,
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xxiiContentsVOLUME IIPART IV Obstet
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xxivVideo ContentsVideo 12.8 Angiog
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xxviVideo ContentsVideo 26.20 High-
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xxviiiVideo Contents42 Fetal Measur
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2 PART I Physicsphysics. he amplitu
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4 PART I Physics× ms×FIG. 1.4 Ult
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6 PART I Physicsθ 1 = 20°Tissue A
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8 PART I Physicssignature. Broad-ba
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10 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.13 B-Mode I
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12 PART I PhysicsIn these transduce
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14 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.17 Tissue H
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16 PART I PhysicsKey Points of Ultr
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18 PART I PhysicsA - Normal liverv
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20 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.27 Reverber
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22 PART I Physics-0 dBUncorrected-0
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24 PART I Physicsθ = 0°cos θ = 1
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26 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.38 Color
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28 PART I PhysicsChanges in Doppler
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30 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.44 Wall F
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32 PART I PhysicsABCDFIG. 1.46 Alia
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CHAPTER2Biologic Effects and Safety
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36 PART I PhysicsPressurePulse repe
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38 PART I PhysicsUltrasound imaging
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40 PART I Physicsacoustic power and
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42 PART I PhysicsFIG. 2.6 Acoustic
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44 PART I PhysicsThe AIUM Statement
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46 PART I Physics1. Current ultraso
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48 PART I PhysicsEPIDEMIOLOGYWith a
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50 PART I Physicscontrols whether t
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52 PART I Physics70. Hwang JH, Tu J
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54 PART I PhysicsA B 5 μmFIG. 3.1
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56 PART I Physicsstudies with Levov
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58 PART I Physicsabdominal organs.
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60 PART I PhysicsHarmonic B-Mode Im
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62 PART I PhysicsFIG. 3.9 Contrast-
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64 PART I Physicsdramatic manifesta
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66 PART I Physics5 µmFIG. 3.15 Fra
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68 PART I Physicsplatelet lysis), n
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70 PART I PhysicsEnhancement1 2 3 4
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72 PART I Physics46. Hamilton MF, B
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PART TWO: Abdominal and Pelvic Sono
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76 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic Son
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100 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic So
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ABFIG. 5.20 Microabscesses in Two P
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ABFIG. 6.32 Distal Cholangiocarcino
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CHAPTER7The PancreasThomas Winter a
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CHAPTER8The Gastrointestinal TractS
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ABFIG. 8.16 Lymphadenopathy in Two
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A B CD E FG H IFIG. 8.23 Inlammator
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FIG. 8.56 Gastrointestinal Stromal
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CHAPTER9The Kidney and Urinary Trac
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Remnant ofpronephrosMesonephrosBMes
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CHAPTER11The Adrenal GlandsChristin
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CHAPTER12The RetroperitoneumRaymond
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CHAPTER13Dynamic Ultrasound of Hern
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CHAPTER14The PeritoneumAnthony E. H
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CHAPTER15The UterusDouglas Brown an
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CHAPTER16The AdnexaRochelle Filker
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692 PART III Small Parts, Carotid A
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CHAPTER20The Parathyroid GlandsBonn
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*** *FIG. 21.8 Terminal Ductolobula
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CHAPTER22The ScrotumDaniel Sommers
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CHAPTER23Overview of Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER25Musculoskeletal Interventi
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ABCDFIG. 25.15 Biceps Tendon Sheath
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CHAPTER27Peripheral VesselsMark E.
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ABFIG. 27.29 Chronic Deep Venous Th
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1000 PART III Small Parts, Carotid
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e2APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A V
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FIG. A.18 Comet-Tail Artifact. On c
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e12APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A
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I-2 IndexAcetabulumdescription of,
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I-4 IndexAnemiafetal, hydrops from,
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I-6 IndexAttenuationcoeicient, 36of
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I-8 IndexBlood low. See also Cerebr
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I-10 IndexBreast(s) (Continued)thic
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I-12 IndexCat-scratch disease, pedi
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I-14 IndexChorion laeve, 1465-1466C
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I-16 IndexContrast agents (Continue
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I-18 IndexCyst(s) (Continued) Cyst(
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I-20 IndexDoppler ultrasound (Conti
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I-22 IndexEndocardial cushion(s), 1
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I-24 IndexFibroma(s) (Continued)par
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I-26 IndexGerminal epithelium, 565G
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I-28 IndexHematoma(s) (Continued)pe
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I-30 IndexHoloprosencephaly (HPE) (
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I-32 IndexImplants, breast (Continu
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I-34 IndexJaundice (Continued)bile
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I-36 IndexLipomyelocele, closed spi
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I-38 IndexMammary ductsnormal sonog
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I-40 IndexMolar pregnancy. See Hyda
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I-42 IndexNonrhizomelic chondrodysp
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I-44 IndexPancreas (Continued)percu
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I-46 IndexPeritoneum (Continued)tum
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I-48 IndexPosterior fossa (Continue
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I-50 IndexPyloric musclehypertrophy
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I-52 IndexSample volume size, Doppl
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I-54 IndexSpectral broadening, in D
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I-56 IndexSuperoanteromedial ridge,
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I-58 Indexhrombosis (Continued)of s
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I-60 IndexTrisomy 18 (Edwards syndr
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I-62 IndexUrinary tract, pediatric
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I-64 IndexWalker-Warburg syndromeco
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND5TH EDITIONCARO
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ABOUT THE EDITORSCarol M. Rumack, M
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ContributorsviiCONTRIBUTORSJacques
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ContributorsixPeter M. Doubilet, MD
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ContributorsxiAna P. Lourenco, MDAs
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ContributorsxiiiWendy hurston, MDAs
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In memory of my parents, Drs. Ruth
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PrefacexviiPREFACEhe ith edition of
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AcknowledgmentsxixACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe
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ContentsxxiCONTENTSVOLUME IPART I P
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Video ContentsxxiiiVIDEO CONTENTS4
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Video Contentsxxv19 The Thyroid Gla
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Video Contentsxxvii33 The Fetal Fac
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Video Contentsxxix52 The Pediatric
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
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PART FOUR: Obstetric and Fetal Sono
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CHAPTER 28 Overview of Obstetric Im
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ABCDFIG. 28.9 Second-Trimester Biom
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CHAPTER 29 Bioeffects and Safety of
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CHAPTER 30 The First Trimester 1049
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CHAPTER 31 Chromosomal Abnormalitie
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ABCDFIG. 31.12 Sonographic Findings
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CHAPTER32Multifetal PregnancyMary C
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CHAPTER 32 Multifetal Pregnancy 111
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ABFIG. 32.5 Sonographic Findings Se
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CHAPTER33The Fetal Face and NeckAna
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CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck
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Page 1313 and 1314:
Page 1315 and 1316:
Page 1317 and 1318:
ABCDFIG. 33.13 Hypertelorism With E
Page 1319 and 1320:
ABCDFIG. 33.16 Dacryocystocele. (A)
Page 1321 and 1322: CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck
Page 1327 and 1328: ABCDEFFIG. 33.24 Unilateral Complet
Page 1339 and 1340: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1167impo
Page 1341 and 1342: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1169cmAB
Page 1343 and 1344: CingulatePOCalcarineAB21 wkCD25 wkI
Page 1345 and 1346: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1173FIG.
Page 1347 and 1348: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1175LTAR
Page 1349 and 1350: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1177CC12
Page 1351 and 1352: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1179SPEC
Page 1353 and 1354: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1181ABCD
Page 1355 and 1356: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1183asym
Page 1357 and 1358: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1185FIG.
Page 1359 and 1360: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1187Cere
Page 1361 and 1362: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1189loba
Page 1363 and 1364: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1191ABCF
Page 1365 and 1366: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1193ABCF
Page 1367 and 1368: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1195spor
Page 1369 and 1370: ABCCCDEFFIG. 34.24 Type 2 Lissencep
Page 1371: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1199ABFI
Page 1375 and 1376: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1203Ultr
Page 1377 and 1378: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1205ABCD
Page 1379 and 1380: VSSABHHPHCDEFFIG. 34.35 Intracrania
Page 1381 and 1382: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1209VABC
Page 1383 and 1384: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1211Huma
Page 1385 and 1386: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1213121.
Page 1387 and 1388: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1215221.
Page 1389 and 1390: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1217ABCF
Page 1391 and 1392: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1219L1S3
Page 1393 and 1394: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1221FTFT
Page 1395 and 1396: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1223FIG.
Page 1397 and 1398: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1225TABL
Page 1399 and 1400: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1227Feta
Page 1401 and 1402: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1229MMAB
Page 1403 and 1404: ABCDEFFIG. 35.15 Skin-Covered Myelo
Page 1405 and 1406: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1233diic
Page 1407 and 1408: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1235CCSC
Page 1409 and 1410: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1237chon
Page 1411 and 1412: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1239BSCT
Page 1413 and 1414: CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 124162.
Page 1415 and 1416: CHAPTER36The Fetal ChestDorothy Bul
Page 1417 and 1418: CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1245seco
Page 1419 and 1420: CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1247TABL
Page 1421 and 1422: CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1249Left
Page 1423 and 1424:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12511ABC
Page 1425 and 1426:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1253ABCF
Page 1427 and 1428:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1255cent
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1257Left
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1259ABCD
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1261RTLT
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1263ARig
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12659. B
Page 1439 and 1440:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1267107.
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1269204.
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1271TABL
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1273TABL
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1275Plac
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1277ADop
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1279LVRV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1281RARV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1283RARV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1285Norm
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1287RVLV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1289RVTA
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1291LVRA
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1293Aspl
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1295PLVL
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1297HR-L
Page 1471 and 1472:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 129951.
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CHAPTER 38 The Fetal Gastrointestin
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UrogenitalsinusMesonephrosMesonephr
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CHAPTER 39 The Fetal Urogenital Tra
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CHAPTER 40 The Fetal Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1413ABFIG.
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ABCDFIG. 41.2 Ascites. (A) Fluid ou
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1417A B CD
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1423later
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1427CHABCH
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1429Monoch
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1431feedin
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1433TABLE
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1435sampli
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1437Predel
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 143973. Ma
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1441169. I
Page 1615 and 1616:
CHAPTER42Fetal Measurements: Normal
Page 1617 and 1618:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1445F
Page 1619 and 1620:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1447T
Page 1621 and 1622:
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1451p
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1453d
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1455A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1459A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14618
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14631
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CHAPTER43Sonographic Evaluation oft
Page 1639 and 1640:
CHAPTER 43 Sonographic Evaluation o
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CHAPTER44Cervical Ultrasound and Pr
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CHAPTER 44 Cervical Ultrasound and
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PART FIVE: Pediatric SonographyCHAP
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CHAPTER 45 Neonatal and Infant Brai
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CHAPTER46Duplex Sonography of the N
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CHAPTER 46 Duplex Sonography of the
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CHAPTER47Doppler Sonography of the
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CHAPTER 47 Doppler Sonography of th
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CHAPTER 48 The Pediatric Head and N
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CHAPTER 49 The Pediatric Spinal Can
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Page 1865 and 1866:
RA B CDEFGFIG. 49.27 Neuroblastoma
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CHAPTER50The Pediatric ChestChetan
Page 1875 and 1876:
CHAPTER 50 The Pediatric Chest 1703
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CHAPTER 51 The Pediatric Liver and
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Page 1939 and 1940:
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Page 1943 and 1944:
ABCFIG. 51.39 Hepatosplenomegaly. W
Page 1945 and 1946:
Page 1947 and 1948:
CHAPTER52The Pediatric Urinary Trac
Page 1949 and 1950:
CHAPTER 52 The Pediatric Urinary Tr
Page 1951 and 1952:
TABLE 52.4 Mean Total Renal Volumes
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Page 2003 and 2004:
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CHAPTER53The Pediatric Gastrointest
Page 2007 and 2008:
CHAPTER 53 The Pediatric Gastrointe
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Page 2013 and 2014:
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Page 2017 and 2018:
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Page 2041 and 2042:
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CHAPTER 54 Pediatric Pelvic Sonogra
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CHAPTER 55 The Pediatric Hip and Ot
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Page 2097 and 2098:
Page 2099 and 2100:
Page 2101 and 2102:
Page 2103 and 2104:
Page 2105 and 2106:
Page 2107 and 2108:
Page 2109 and 2110:
ABCDFIG. 55.13 Normal and Dislocate
Page 2111 and 2112:
Page 2113 and 2114:
Page 2115 and 2116:
CHAPTER 56 Pediatric Interventional
Page 2117 and 2118:
Page 2119 and 2120:
Page 2121 and 2122:
Page 2123 and 2124:
Page 2125 and 2126:
Page 2127 and 2128:
Page 2129 and 2130:
Page 2131 and 2132:
ABCFIG. 56.15 Access for Drainage o
Page 2133 and 2134:
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Page 2137 and 2138:
Page 2139 and 2140:
Page 2141 and 2142:
APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A Vir
Page 2143 and 2144:
APPENDIX Ultrasound Artifacts: A Vi
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Page 2175 and 2176:
Page 2177 and 2178:
Page 2179 and 2180:
IndexAAA anastomoses. See Arterial/
Page 2181 and 2182:
Index I-3Adnexa (Continued)transvag
Page 2183 and 2184:
Index I-5Arrays, transducer, 11-12A
Page 2185 and 2186:
Index I-7Bioefects (Continued) Biop
Page 2187 and 2188:
Index I-9Brain, neonatal/infant (Co
Page 2189 and 2190:
Index I-11Carcinoma(s) (Continued)
Page 2191 and 2192:
Index I-13Cervix (Continued)for sym
Page 2193 and 2194:
Index I-15Color Doppler ultrasound
Page 2195 and 2196:
Index I-17Cystic artery, 194promine
Page 2197 and 2198:
Index I-19Diabetes mellituschronic
Page 2199 and 2200:
Index I-21Echinococcal disease (Con
Page 2201 and 2202:
Index I-23Exudate ascites, 506-507E
Page 2203 and 2204:
Index I-25Gallbladder (Continued)ad
Page 2205 and 2206:
Index I-27Gyriabnormalities of, in
Page 2207 and 2208:
Index I-29Hernia(s). See also Diaph
Page 2209 and 2210:
Index I-31Hyperechoic tissue, in br
Page 2211 and 2212:
Index I-33Internal jugular vein (IJ
Page 2213 and 2214:
Index I-35Kidneys, pediatric (Conti
Page 2215 and 2216:
Index I-37Liver transplantation (Co
Page 2217 and 2218:
Index I-39Mesentery, small bowel, 5
Page 2219 and 2220:
Index I-41Nasal bone, fetal (Contin
Page 2221 and 2222:
Index I-43Orbits, fetal (Continued)
Page 2223 and 2224:
Index I-45Patau syndrome. See Triso
Page 2225 and 2226:
Index I-47Pleural efusionsfetal, 12
Page 2227 and 2228:
Index I-49Prostate (Continued)thera
Page 2229 and 2230:
Index I-51Renal transplantation (Co
Page 2231 and 2232:
Index I-53Shunt(s) (Continued) Skel
Page 2233 and 2234:
Index I-55Splenic vein (Continued)t
Page 2235 and 2236:
Index I-57Testis(es) (Continued)cys
Page 2237 and 2238:
Index I-59Transcranial Doppler (TCD
Page 2239 and 2240:
Index I-61Umbilical cord, 1481-1487
Page 2241 and 2242:
Index I-63Vein of Galen (Continued)
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Page 2249:
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