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138 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic Sonography206. Murphy-Lavallee J, Jang HJ, Kim TK, et al. Are metastases really hypovascularin the arterial phase? he perspective based on contrast-enhanced ultrasonography.J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26(11):1545-1556.207. Nyberg D, Federle M. AIDS-related Kaposi sarcoma and lymphomas. SeminRoentgenol. 1987;22(1):54-65.208. Luburich P, Bru C, Ayuso MC, et al. Hepatic Kaposi sarcoma in AIDS: USand CT indings. Radiology. 1990;175(1):172-174.209. Towers MJ, Withers CE, Rachlis AR, et al. Ultrasound diagnosis of hepaticKaposi sarcoma. J Ultrasound Med. 1991;10(12):701-703.210. Chiu WC, Cushing BM, Rodriguez A, et al. Abdominal injuries withouthemoperitoneum: a potential limitation of focused abdominal sonographyfor trauma (FAST). J Trauma. 1997;42(4):617-623.211. Rozycki GS, Ochsner MG, Schmidt JA, et al. A prospective study of surgeonperformedultrasound as the primary adjuvant modality for injured patientassessment. J Trauma. 1995;39(3):492-498.212. Sirlin CB, Casola G, Brown MA, et al. Patterns of luid accumulation onscreening ultrasonography for blunt abdominal trauma: comparison withsite of injury. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20(4):351-357.213. Wherrett LJ, Boulanger BR, McLellan BA, et al. Hypotension ater bluntabdominal trauma: the role of emergent abdominal sonography in surgicaltriage. J Trauma. 1996;41(5):815-820.214. Kimura A, Otsuka T. Emergency center ultrasonography in the evaluationof hemoperitoneum: a prospective study. J Trauma. 1991;31(1):20-23.215. Moon KL, Federle MP. Computed tomography in hepatic trauma. AJR AmJ Roentgenol. 1983;141(2):309-314.216. Foley WD, Cates JD, Kellman GM, et al. Treatment of blunt hepatic injuries:role of CT. Radiology. 1987;164(3):635-638.217. vanSonnenberg E, Simeone JF, Mueller PR, et al. Sonographic appearanceof hematoma in liver, spleen, and kidney: a clinical, pathologic, and animalstudy. Radiology. 1983;147(2):507-510.218. Grant EG, Tessler FN, Gomes AS, et al. Color Doppler imaging of portosystemicshunts. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990;154(2):393-397.219. Lafortune M, Patriquin H, Pomier G, et al. Hemodynamic changes in portalcirculation ater portosystemic shunts: use of duplex sonography in 43patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149(4):701-706.220. Chezmar JL, Bernardino ME. Mesoatrial shunt for the treatment of Budd-Chiari syndrome: radiologic evaluation in eight patients. AJR Am JRoentgenol. 1987;149(4):707-710.221. Ralls P, Lee K, Mayekawa D, et al. Color Doppler sonography of portocavalshunts. J Clin Ultrasound. 1990;18(5):379-381.222. Foley W, Gleysteen J, Lawson T, et al. Dynamic computed tomography andpulsed Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of splenorenal shuntpatency. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1983;7(1):106-112.223. Freedman AM, Sanyal AJ, Tisnado J, et al. Complications of transjugularintrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a comprehensive review. Radiographics.1993;13(6):1185-1210.224. Kerlan RK, LaBerge JM, Gordon RL, Ring EJ. Transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunts: current status. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1995;164(5):1059-1066.225. LaBerge JM, Ring EJ, Gordon RL, et al. Creation of transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunts with the wallstent endoprosthesis: results in 100patients. Radiology. 1993;187(2):413-420.226. Haskal ZJ, Pentecost MJ, Soulen MC, et al. Transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunt stenosis and revision: early and midterm results. AJRAm J Roentgenol. 1994;163(2):439-444.227. Foshager MC, Ferral H, Nazarian GK, et al. Duplex sonography atertransjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS): normal hemodynamicindings and eicacy in predicting shunt patency and stenosis. AJR Am JRoentgenol. 1995;165(1):1-7.228. Haskal Z, Carroll J, Jacobs J, et al. Sonography of transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunts: detection of elevated portosystemic gradients andloss of shunt function. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1997;8(4):549-556.229. Murphy T, Beecham R, Kim H, et al. Long-term follow-up ater TIPS: useof Doppler velocity criteria for detecting elevation of the portosystemicgradient. J Vasc Interv Radiol. 1998;9(2):275-281.230. Surratt RS, Middleton WD, Darcy MD, et al. Morphologic and hemodynamicindings at sonography before and ater creation of a transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunt. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1993;160(3):627-630.231. Chong WK, Malisch TA, Mazer MJ, et al. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemicshunt: US assessment with maximum low velocity. Radiology.1993;189(3):789-793.232. Dodd GD, Zajko AB, Orons PD, et al. Detection of transjugular intrahepaticportosystemic shunt dysfunction: value of duplex Doppler sonography. AJRAm J Roentgenol. 1995;164(5):1119-1124.233. Feldstein VA, LaBerge JM. Hepatic vein low reversal at duplex sonography:a sign of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt dysfunction. AJRAm J Roentgenol. 1994;162(4):839-841.234. Kanterman RY, Darcy MD, Middleton WD, et al. Doppler sonographyindings associated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shuntmalfunction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;168(2):467-472.235. Charboneau JW, Reading CC, Welch TJ. CT and sonographically guidedneedle biopsy: current techniques and new innovations. AJR Am J Roentgenol.1990;154(1):1-10.236. Downey DB, Wilson SR. Ultrasonographically guided biopsy of smallintra-abdominal masses. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1993;44(5):350-353.237. Livraghi T, Festi D, Monti F, et al. US-guided percutaneous alcohol injectionof small hepatic and abdominal tumors. Radiology. 1986;161(2):309-312.238. Shiina S, Yasuda H, Muto H, et al. Percutaneous ethanol injection in thetreatment of liver neoplasms. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149(5):949-952.239. Rikin MD, Rosato FE, Branch HM, et al. Intraoperative ultrasound of theliver. An important adjunctive tool for decision making in the operatingroom. Ann Surg. 1987;205(5):466-472.240. Parker G, Lawrence W, Horsley J, et al. Intraoperative ultrasound of theliver afects operative decision making. Ann Surg. 1989;209(5):569-577.241. Leen E, Ceccotti P, Moug S, et al. Potential value of contrast-enhancedintraoperative ultrasonography during partial hepatectomy for metastases.Ann Surg. 2006;243(2):236-240.242. Garant M, Reinhold C. Residents’ corner. Answer to case of the month#36. Hepatic lipoma. Can Assoc Radiol J. 1996;47(2):140-142.
CHAPTER5The SpleenPatrick M. Vos, John R. Mathieson, and Peter L. CooperbergSUMMARY OF KEY POINTS• Ultrasound can be used to diagnose or exclude splenicabnormalities, but computed tomography and/or magneticresonance imaging may be needed in indeterminatecases.• There is no single upper limit of normal for spleen size,since size varies with patient sex, weight, and height. Useof a strict 12-cm upper limit of normal for the spleen willlead to overdiagnosis of splenomegaly.• The differential diagnosis of splenomegaly is long.Associated clinical and radiologic features can be helpful inassessing the cause.• Focal splenic lesions may be benign or malignant and thusshould be carefully assessed.• Common causes of multiple splenic nodules includeinfection (e.g., mycobacteria, histoplasmosis), sarcoidosis,and malignancy (e.g., lymphoma, metastases).CHAPTER OUTLINEEMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMYSONOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUESONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCEPATHOLOGIC CONDITIONSSplenomegalyFocal AbnormalitiesSplenic CystsNodular Splenic LesionsFocal Solid Splenic LesionsOther AbnormalitiesSickle Cell DiseaseGaucher DiseaseGamna-Gandy BodiesSplenic TraumaCONGENITAL ANOMALIESINTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURESPITFALLS IN INTERPRETATIONComputed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonanceimaging (MRI) are currently the techniques of choice forthe imaging evaluation of the spleen. However, ultrasound canalso be very useful to diagnose or exclude splenic abnormalitiesand is particularly helpful in the follow-up of patients with knownsplenic abnormalities. Splenic lesions may be encountered in avariety of clinical settings, and the radiologist should be awareof the spectrum of processes that may involve the spleen as wellas the clinical context in which they occur. 1he spleen and let upper quadrant (LUQ) should be routinelyevaluated on all abdominal investigations, especially in patientswith suspected splenomegaly, LUQ pain, or trauma. In general,the spleen can be examined by ultrasound without diiculty.Because the normal spleen is uniform in echogenicity, focalabnormalities stand out clearly. Similarly, perisplenic abnormalitiesand luid collections are usually easily identiied. Inadequateassessment of the spleen and surrounding structures is thereforerelatively rare. Occasionally, because the spleen is located highin the LUQ, diiculties can be encountered. Shadowing fromribs, overlying bowel gas, and overlying lung can obscure visualizationof the deeper structures. Expertise and persistence may berequired to overcome these obstacles.EMBRYOLOGY AND ANATOMYhe spleen arises from a mass of mesenchymal cells locatedbetween the layers of the dorsal mesentery, which connects thestomach to the posterior peritoneal surface over the aorta (Fig.5.1A). hese mesenchymal cells diferentiate to form the splenicpulp, the supporting connective tissue structures, and the spleniccapsule. he splenic artery penetrates the primitive spleen, andarterioles branch through the connective tissue into the splenicsinusoids.As the embryonic stomach rotates 90 degrees on its longitudinalaxis, the spleen and dorsal mesentery are carried to the let alongwith the greater curvature of the stomach (Fig. 5.1B). he baseof the dorsal mesentery fuses with the posterior peritoneum overthe let kidney, giving rise to the splenorenal ligament. hisexplains why, although the spleen is intraperitoneal, the splenicartery enters from the retroperitoneum through the splenorenalligament (Fig. 5.1C). In most adults, a portion of the spleniccapsule is irmly attached to the fused dorsal mesentery anteriorto the upper let kidney, giving rise to the bare area of the spleen. 2he size of the splenic bare area varies but usually involves lessthan half the posterior splenic surface (Fig. 5.2). his anatomic139
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viiiContributorsOlga R. Brook, MDAs
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xContributorsChristy K. Holland, Ph
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xiiContributorsRupa Radhakrishnan,
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xxiiContentsVOLUME IIPART IV Obstet
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xxivVideo ContentsVideo 12.8 Angiog
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xxviVideo ContentsVideo 26.20 High-
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xxviiiVideo Contents42 Fetal Measur
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2 PART I Physicsphysics. he amplitu
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4 PART I Physics× ms×FIG. 1.4 Ult
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6 PART I Physicsθ 1 = 20°Tissue A
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8 PART I Physicssignature. Broad-ba
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10 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.13 B-Mode I
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12 PART I PhysicsIn these transduce
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14 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.17 Tissue H
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16 PART I PhysicsKey Points of Ultr
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18 PART I PhysicsA - Normal liverv
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20 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.27 Reverber
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22 PART I Physics-0 dBUncorrected-0
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24 PART I Physicsθ = 0°cos θ = 1
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26 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.38 Color
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28 PART I PhysicsChanges in Doppler
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30 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.44 Wall F
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32 PART I PhysicsABCDFIG. 1.46 Alia
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CHAPTER2Biologic Effects and Safety
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36 PART I PhysicsPressurePulse repe
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38 PART I PhysicsUltrasound imaging
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40 PART I Physicsacoustic power and
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42 PART I PhysicsFIG. 2.6 Acoustic
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44 PART I PhysicsThe AIUM Statement
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46 PART I Physics1. Current ultraso
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48 PART I PhysicsEPIDEMIOLOGYWith a
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50 PART I Physicscontrols whether t
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52 PART I Physics70. Hwang JH, Tu J
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54 PART I PhysicsA B 5 μmFIG. 3.1
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56 PART I Physicsstudies with Levov
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58 PART I Physicsabdominal organs.
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60 PART I PhysicsHarmonic B-Mode Im
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62 PART I PhysicsFIG. 3.9 Contrast-
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64 PART I Physicsdramatic manifesta
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66 PART I Physics5 µmFIG. 3.15 Fra
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68 PART I Physicsplatelet lysis), n
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70 PART I PhysicsEnhancement1 2 3 4
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72 PART I Physics46. Hamilton MF, B
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PART TWO: Abdominal and Pelvic Sono
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76 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic Son
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188 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic So
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ABFIG. 6.32 Distal Cholangiocarcino
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CHAPTER7The PancreasThomas Winter a
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CHAPTER8The Gastrointestinal TractS
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ABFIG. 8.16 Lymphadenopathy in Two
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A B CD E FG H IFIG. 8.23 Inlammator
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FIG. 8.56 Gastrointestinal Stromal
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CHAPTER9The Kidney and Urinary Trac
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Remnant ofpronephrosMesonephrosBMes
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CHAPTER11The Adrenal GlandsChristin
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CHAPTER12The RetroperitoneumRaymond
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CHAPTER13Dynamic Ultrasound of Hern
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CHAPTER14The PeritoneumAnthony E. H
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CHAPTER15The UterusDouglas Brown an
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CHAPTER16The AdnexaRochelle Filker
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692 PART III Small Parts, Carotid A
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CHAPTER20The Parathyroid GlandsBonn
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*** *FIG. 21.8 Terminal Ductolobula
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CHAPTER22The ScrotumDaniel Sommers
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CHAPTER23Overview of Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER25Musculoskeletal Interventi
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ABCDFIG. 25.15 Biceps Tendon Sheath
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CHAPTER27Peripheral VesselsMark E.
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ABFIG. 27.29 Chronic Deep Venous Th
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1000 PART III Small Parts, Carotid
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e2APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A V
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FIG. A.18 Comet-Tail Artifact. On c
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e12APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A
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I-2 IndexAcetabulumdescription of,
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I-4 IndexAnemiafetal, hydrops from,
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I-6 IndexAttenuationcoeicient, 36of
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I-8 IndexBlood low. See also Cerebr
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I-10 IndexBreast(s) (Continued)thic
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I-12 IndexCat-scratch disease, pedi
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I-14 IndexChorion laeve, 1465-1466C
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I-16 IndexContrast agents (Continue
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I-18 IndexCyst(s) (Continued) Cyst(
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I-20 IndexDoppler ultrasound (Conti
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I-22 IndexEndocardial cushion(s), 1
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I-24 IndexFibroma(s) (Continued)par
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I-26 IndexGerminal epithelium, 565G
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I-28 IndexHematoma(s) (Continued)pe
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I-30 IndexHoloprosencephaly (HPE) (
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I-32 IndexImplants, breast (Continu
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I-34 IndexJaundice (Continued)bile
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I-36 IndexLipomyelocele, closed spi
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I-38 IndexMammary ductsnormal sonog
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I-40 IndexMolar pregnancy. See Hyda
Page 1128 and 1129:
I-42 IndexNonrhizomelic chondrodysp
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I-44 IndexPancreas (Continued)percu
Page 1132 and 1133:
I-46 IndexPeritoneum (Continued)tum
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I-48 IndexPosterior fossa (Continue
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I-50 IndexPyloric musclehypertrophy
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I-52 IndexSample volume size, Doppl
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I-54 IndexSpectral broadening, in D
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I-56 IndexSuperoanteromedial ridge,
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I-58 Indexhrombosis (Continued)of s
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I-60 IndexTrisomy 18 (Edwards syndr
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I-62 IndexUrinary tract, pediatric
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I-64 IndexWalker-Warburg syndromeco
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND5TH EDITIONCARO
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ABOUT THE EDITORSCarol M. Rumack, M
Page 1161 and 1162:
ContributorsviiCONTRIBUTORSJacques
Page 1163 and 1164:
ContributorsixPeter M. Doubilet, MD
Page 1165 and 1166:
ContributorsxiAna P. Lourenco, MDAs
Page 1167 and 1168:
ContributorsxiiiWendy hurston, MDAs
Page 1169 and 1170:
In memory of my parents, Drs. Ruth
Page 1171 and 1172:
PrefacexviiPREFACEhe ith edition of
Page 1173 and 1174:
AcknowledgmentsxixACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe
Page 1175 and 1176:
ContentsxxiCONTENTSVOLUME IPART I P
Page 1177 and 1178:
Video ContentsxxiiiVIDEO CONTENTS4
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Video Contentsxxv19 The Thyroid Gla
Page 1181 and 1182:
Video Contentsxxvii33 The Fetal Fac
Page 1183 and 1184:
Video Contentsxxix52 The Pediatric
Page 1185 and 1186:
DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
Page 1187 and 1188:
PART FOUR: Obstetric and Fetal Sono
Page 1189 and 1190:
CHAPTER 28 Overview of Obstetric Im
Page 1191 and 1192:
Page 1193 and 1194:
Page 1195 and 1196:
ABCDFIG. 28.9 Second-Trimester Biom
Page 1197 and 1198:
Page 1199 and 1200:
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Page 1207 and 1208:
CHAPTER 29 Bioeffects and Safety of
Page 1209 and 1210:
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Page 1215 and 1216:
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Page 1219 and 1220:
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CHAPTER 30 The First Trimester 1049
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CHAPTER 31 Chromosomal Abnormalitie
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ABCDFIG. 31.12 Sonographic Findings
Page 1279 and 1280:
Page 1281 and 1282:
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CHAPTER32Multifetal PregnancyMary C
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CHAPTER 32 Multifetal Pregnancy 111
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ABFIG. 32.5 Sonographic Findings Se
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CHAPTER33The Fetal Face and NeckAna
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CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck
Page 1309 and 1310:
Page 1311 and 1312:
Page 1313 and 1314:
Page 1315 and 1316:
Page 1317 and 1318:
ABCDFIG. 33.13 Hypertelorism With E
Page 1319 and 1320:
ABCDFIG. 33.16 Dacryocystocele. (A)
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ABCDEFFIG. 33.24 Unilateral Complet
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1167impo
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1169cmAB
Page 1343 and 1344:
CingulatePOCalcarineAB21 wkCD25 wkI
Page 1345 and 1346:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1173FIG.
Page 1347 and 1348:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1175LTAR
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1177CC12
Page 1351 and 1352:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1179SPEC
Page 1353 and 1354:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1181ABCD
Page 1355 and 1356:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1183asym
Page 1357 and 1358:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1185FIG.
Page 1359 and 1360:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1187Cere
Page 1361 and 1362:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1189loba
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1191ABCF
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1193ABCF
Page 1367 and 1368:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1195spor
Page 1369 and 1370:
ABCCCDEFFIG. 34.24 Type 2 Lissencep
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1199ABFI
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 120120 w
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1203Ultr
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1205ABCD
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VSSABHHPHCDEFFIG. 34.35 Intracrania
Page 1381 and 1382:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1209VABC
Page 1383 and 1384:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1211Huma
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1213121.
Page 1387 and 1388:
CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1215221.
Page 1389 and 1390:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1217ABCF
Page 1391 and 1392:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1219L1S3
Page 1393 and 1394:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1221FTFT
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1223FIG.
Page 1397 and 1398:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1225TABL
Page 1399 and 1400:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1227Feta
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1229MMAB
Page 1403 and 1404:
ABCDEFFIG. 35.15 Skin-Covered Myelo
Page 1405 and 1406:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1233diic
Page 1407 and 1408:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1235CCSC
Page 1409 and 1410:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1237chon
Page 1411 and 1412:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1239BSCT
Page 1413 and 1414:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 124162.
Page 1415 and 1416:
CHAPTER36The Fetal ChestDorothy Bul
Page 1417 and 1418:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1245seco
Page 1419 and 1420:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1247TABL
Page 1421 and 1422:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1249Left
Page 1423 and 1424:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12511ABC
Page 1425 and 1426:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1253ABCF
Page 1427 and 1428:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1255cent
Page 1429 and 1430:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1257Left
Page 1431 and 1432:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1259ABCD
Page 1433 and 1434:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1261RTLT
Page 1435 and 1436:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1263ARig
Page 1437 and 1438:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12659. B
Page 1439 and 1440:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1267107.
Page 1441 and 1442:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1269204.
Page 1443 and 1444:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1271TABL
Page 1445 and 1446:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1273TABL
Page 1447 and 1448:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1275Plac
Page 1449 and 1450:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1277ADop
Page 1451 and 1452:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1279LVRV
Page 1453 and 1454:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1281RARV
Page 1455 and 1456:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1283RARV
Page 1457 and 1458:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1285Norm
Page 1459 and 1460:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1287RVLV
Page 1461 and 1462:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1289RVTA
Page 1463 and 1464:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1291LVRA
Page 1465 and 1466:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1293Aspl
Page 1467 and 1468:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1295PLVL
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1297HR-L
Page 1471 and 1472:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 129951.
Page 1473 and 1474:
Page 1475 and 1476:
Page 1477 and 1478:
CHAPTER 38 The Fetal Gastrointestin
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UrogenitalsinusMesonephrosMesonephr
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CHAPTER 39 The Fetal Urogenital Tra
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CHAPTER 40 The Fetal Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1413ABFIG.
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ABCDFIG. 41.2 Ascites. (A) Fluid ou
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1417A B CD
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1423later
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1427CHABCH
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1429Monoch
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1431feedin
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1433TABLE
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1435sampli
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1437Predel
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 143973. Ma
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1441169. I
Page 1615 and 1616:
CHAPTER42Fetal Measurements: Normal
Page 1617 and 1618:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1445F
Page 1619 and 1620:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1447T
Page 1621 and 1622:
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1451p
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1453d
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1455A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1459A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14618
Page 1635 and 1636:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14631
Page 1637 and 1638:
CHAPTER43Sonographic Evaluation oft
Page 1639 and 1640:
CHAPTER 43 Sonographic Evaluation o
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CHAPTER44Cervical Ultrasound and Pr
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CHAPTER 44 Cervical Ultrasound and
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Page 1683 and 1684:
PART FIVE: Pediatric SonographyCHAP
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CHAPTER 45 Neonatal and Infant Brai
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CHAPTER46Duplex Sonography of the N
Page 1747 and 1748:
CHAPTER 46 Duplex Sonography of the
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Page 1751 and 1752:
Page 1753 and 1754:
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Page 1757 and 1758:
Page 1759 and 1760:
Page 1761 and 1762:
Page 1763 and 1764:
CHAPTER47Doppler Sonography of the
Page 1765 and 1766:
CHAPTER 47 Doppler Sonography of th
Page 1767 and 1768:
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Page 1771 and 1772:
Page 1773 and 1774:
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Page 1789 and 1790:
Page 1791 and 1792:
Page 1793 and 1794:
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Page 1799 and 1800:
Page 1801 and 1802:
CHAPTER 48 The Pediatric Head and N
Page 1803 and 1804:
Page 1805 and 1806:
Page 1807 and 1808:
Page 1809 and 1810:
Page 1811 and 1812:
Page 1813 and 1814:
Page 1815 and 1816:
Page 1817 and 1818:
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Page 1821 and 1822:
Page 1823 and 1824:
Page 1825 and 1826:
Page 1827 and 1828:
Page 1829 and 1830:
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Page 1833 and 1834:
Page 1835 and 1836:
Page 1837 and 1838:
Page 1839 and 1840:
Page 1841 and 1842:
Page 1843 and 1844:
Page 1845 and 1846:
CHAPTER 49 The Pediatric Spinal Can
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Page 1849 and 1850:
Page 1851 and 1852:
Page 1853 and 1854:
Page 1855 and 1856:
Page 1857 and 1858:
Page 1859 and 1860:
Page 1861 and 1862:
Page 1863 and 1864:
Page 1865 and 1866:
RA B CDEFGFIG. 49.27 Neuroblastoma
Page 1867 and 1868:
Page 1869 and 1870:
Page 1871 and 1872:
Page 1873 and 1874:
CHAPTER50The Pediatric ChestChetan
Page 1875 and 1876:
CHAPTER 50 The Pediatric Chest 1703
Page 1877 and 1878:
Page 1879 and 1880:
Page 1881 and 1882:
Page 1883 and 1884:
Page 1885 and 1886:
Page 1887 and 1888:
Page 1889 and 1890:
Page 1891 and 1892:
Page 1893 and 1894:
Page 1895 and 1896:
Page 1897 and 1898:
Page 1899 and 1900:
Page 1901 and 1902:
Page 1903 and 1904:
CHAPTER 51 The Pediatric Liver and
Page 1905 and 1906:
Page 1907 and 1908:
Page 1909 and 1910:
Page 1911 and 1912:
Page 1913 and 1914:
Page 1915 and 1916:
Page 1917 and 1918:
Page 1919 and 1920:
Page 1921 and 1922:
Page 1923 and 1924:
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Page 1927 and 1928:
Page 1929 and 1930:
Page 1931 and 1932:
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Page 1935 and 1936:
Page 1937 and 1938:
Page 1939 and 1940:
Page 1941 and 1942:
Page 1943 and 1944:
ABCFIG. 51.39 Hepatosplenomegaly. W
Page 1945 and 1946:
Page 1947 and 1948:
CHAPTER52The Pediatric Urinary Trac
Page 1949 and 1950:
CHAPTER 52 The Pediatric Urinary Tr
Page 1951 and 1952:
TABLE 52.4 Mean Total Renal Volumes
Page 1953 and 1954:
Page 1955 and 1956:
Page 1957 and 1958:
Page 1959 and 1960:
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Page 1963 and 1964:
Page 1965 and 1966:
Page 1967 and 1968:
Page 1969 and 1970:
Page 1971 and 1972:
Page 1973 and 1974:
Page 1975 and 1976:
Page 1977 and 1978:
Page 1979 and 1980:
Page 1981 and 1982:
Page 1983 and 1984:
Page 1985 and 1986:
Page 1987 and 1988:
Page 1989 and 1990:
Page 1991 and 1992:
Page 1993 and 1994:
Page 1995 and 1996:
Page 1997 and 1998:
Page 1999 and 2000:
Page 2001 and 2002:
Page 2003 and 2004:
Page 2005 and 2006:
CHAPTER53The Pediatric Gastrointest
Page 2007 and 2008:
CHAPTER 53 The Pediatric Gastrointe
Page 2009 and 2010:
Page 2011 and 2012:
Page 2013 and 2014:
Page 2015 and 2016:
Page 2017 and 2018:
Page 2019 and 2020:
Page 2021 and 2022:
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Page 2033 and 2034:
Page 2035 and 2036:
Page 2037 and 2038:
Page 2039 and 2040:
Page 2041 and 2042:
Page 2043 and 2044:
CHAPTER 54 Pediatric Pelvic Sonogra
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Page 2083 and 2084:
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Page 2087 and 2088:
Page 2089 and 2090:
Page 2091 and 2092:
Page 2093 and 2094:
CHAPTER 55 The Pediatric Hip and Ot
Page 2095 and 2096:
Page 2097 and 2098:
Page 2099 and 2100:
Page 2101 and 2102:
Page 2103 and 2104:
Page 2105 and 2106:
Page 2107 and 2108:
Page 2109 and 2110:
ABCDFIG. 55.13 Normal and Dislocate
Page 2111 and 2112:
Page 2113 and 2114:
Page 2115 and 2116:
CHAPTER 56 Pediatric Interventional
Page 2117 and 2118:
Page 2119 and 2120:
Page 2121 and 2122:
Page 2123 and 2124:
Page 2125 and 2126:
Page 2127 and 2128:
Page 2129 and 2130:
Page 2131 and 2132:
ABCFIG. 56.15 Access for Drainage o
Page 2133 and 2134:
Page 2135 and 2136:
Page 2137 and 2138:
Page 2139 and 2140:
Page 2141 and 2142:
APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A Vir
Page 2143 and 2144:
APPENDIX Ultrasound Artifacts: A Vi
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Page 2147 and 2148:
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Page 2157 and 2158:
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Page 2161 and 2162:
Page 2163 and 2164:
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Page 2167 and 2168:
Page 2169 and 2170:
Page 2171 and 2172:
Page 2173 and 2174:
Page 2175 and 2176:
Page 2177 and 2178:
Page 2179 and 2180:
IndexAAA anastomoses. See Arterial/
Page 2181 and 2182:
Index I-3Adnexa (Continued)transvag
Page 2183 and 2184:
Index I-5Arrays, transducer, 11-12A
Page 2185 and 2186:
Index I-7Bioefects (Continued) Biop
Page 2187 and 2188:
Index I-9Brain, neonatal/infant (Co
Page 2189 and 2190:
Index I-11Carcinoma(s) (Continued)
Page 2191 and 2192:
Index I-13Cervix (Continued)for sym
Page 2193 and 2194:
Index I-15Color Doppler ultrasound
Page 2195 and 2196:
Index I-17Cystic artery, 194promine
Page 2197 and 2198:
Index I-19Diabetes mellituschronic
Page 2199 and 2200:
Index I-21Echinococcal disease (Con
Page 2201 and 2202:
Index I-23Exudate ascites, 506-507E
Page 2203 and 2204:
Index I-25Gallbladder (Continued)ad
Page 2205 and 2206:
Index I-27Gyriabnormalities of, in
Page 2207 and 2208:
Index I-29Hernia(s). See also Diaph
Page 2209 and 2210:
Index I-31Hyperechoic tissue, in br
Page 2211 and 2212:
Index I-33Internal jugular vein (IJ
Page 2213 and 2214:
Index I-35Kidneys, pediatric (Conti
Page 2215 and 2216:
Index I-37Liver transplantation (Co
Page 2217 and 2218:
Index I-39Mesentery, small bowel, 5
Page 2219 and 2220:
Index I-41Nasal bone, fetal (Contin
Page 2221 and 2222:
Index I-43Orbits, fetal (Continued)
Page 2223 and 2224:
Index I-45Patau syndrome. See Triso
Page 2225 and 2226:
Index I-47Pleural efusionsfetal, 12
Page 2227 and 2228:
Index I-49Prostate (Continued)thera
Page 2229 and 2230:
Index I-51Renal transplantation (Co
Page 2231 and 2232:
Index I-53Shunt(s) (Continued) Skel
Page 2233 and 2234:
Index I-55Splenic vein (Continued)t
Page 2235 and 2236:
Index I-57Testis(es) (Continued)cys
Page 2237 and 2238:
Index I-59Transcranial Doppler (TCD
Page 2239 and 2240:
Index I-61Umbilical cord, 1481-1487
Page 2241 and 2242:
Index I-63Vein of Galen (Continued)
Page 2243 and 2244:
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Page 2247 and 2248:
Page 2249:
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