Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

Index I-53
Shunt(s) (Continued) Skeletal dysplasia, fetal (Continued) Small bowel (Continued)
right-to-let, pediatric, TCD sonography
evaluation of, 1614–1618
splenorenal, in portal hypertension, pediatric,
1757, 1759f
ventriculoperitoneal, for Dandy-Walker
malformation, 1530
vesicoamniotic, for lower urinary tract
obstruction, 1363–1365, 1364f, 1365t
Shwachman-Diamond syndrome, nesidioblastosis
and, 1865, 1865f
Sialadenitis, pediatric, chronic, 1634–1635, 1635f
Sialoblastoma, salivary gland, pediatric, 1638–1639
Sialolithiasis, pediatric, of submandibular gland,
1633, 1633f
Sickle cell disease (SCD)
ACA stenosis with, 1607f
bone marrow transplantation for, 1598
cerebrovascular disease indicators with, 1598,
1599b
MCA and, 1600f, 1604f–1605f
ophthalmic artery low as, 1599f
stroke and, 1601f–1603f
DICA stenosis and, 1606f
moyamoya angiopathy and, 1598, 1600f, 1602f,
1608f, 1610
silent cerebral infarcts and, 1598
sleep-disordered breathing and, 1611
spleen in, 157
stroke and
cerebrovascular disease indicators with,
1601f–1603f
risk categories for, 1599–1604, 1605t,
1606–1607
screening for, 1598
velocity indications of, 1605–1607
TCD sonography for, 1591, 1598–1608, 1599b,
1599f–1608f
Side lobe artifacts, 19, 20f
Side lobes, 19, 20f
Silent cerebral infarcts, SCD and, 1598
Silent (painless) thyroiditis, 725–727
Silicon granulomas, in extracapsular breast implant
rupture, 805–807, 806f
Silver-Handmaker, 1399
Simple cysts
of breast, 774, 775f
of pediatric testes, solitary, 1901–1902
Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome
CDH and, 1263
hyperechogenic kidneys in, 1351
Single-photon emission computed tomography
(SPECT), 747, 747f
Sinus bradycardia, fetal, 1297
Sinus venosus ASD, 1280, 1282f
Sinus(es)
dorsal dermal, pediatric, 1686, 1688f
urachal, 322, 323f
Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 1762–1763
Sirenomelia, fetal, 1238, 1238f, 1401, 1404f
Sirenomelia sequence, sacral agenesis in, 1237
Site-speciic ovarian cancer syndrome, 578
Situs inversus totalis, of liver, 80
Sjögren syndrome, chronic pediatric sialadenitis in,
1634–1635
Skeletal deformities, fetal lung size and, 1244
Skeletal dysplasia, fetal
categories of, 1377t
diagnosis of, 1376–1377, 1377b
femur/foot length ratio in, 1379
hydrops from, 1432
lethal, 1386–1396
achondrogenesis as, 1391
campomelic dysplasia as, 1395, 1396f
features of, 1386b
hypophosphatasia as, 1392–1395, 1395f
osteogenesis imperfecta as, 1391–1392
short-rib polydactyly syndromes as,
1395–1396, 1397f
thanatophoric dysplasia as, 1387–1390
lethality of, pulmonary hypoplasia and, 1382,
1384f
nonlethal or variable prognosis, 1396–1399
asphyxiating thoracic dysplasia as, 1398
chondrodysplasia punctata as, 1399
diastrophic dysplasia as, 1398, 1398f
dyssegmental dysplasia as, 1399
Ellis-van Creveld syndrome as, 1398–1399
heterozygous achondroplasia as, 1396–1398,
1398f
micromelic dysplasia as, 1397t
osteogenesis imperfecta types I, III, IV as,
1399
rhizomelic dysplasia as, 1397t
prevalence of, 1376, 1377t
sonographic evaluation of, 1379–1386, 1379b
with abnormal bone length or appearance,
1380–1384, 1381b, 1382f–1384f
additional imaging in, 1384–1386
molecular diagnosis in, 1385–1386
MRI in, 1385
with positive family history, 1379–1380
radiography in, 1384
3-D ultrasound in, 1384, 1385f
three-dimensional CT in, 1384–1385
Skeletal dysplasia, pediatric, atypical hips and,
1932
Skeletal survey, in fetal hydrops diagnosis,
1435
Skeleton, fetal. See also Limb reduction defects
aneuploidy indings in, 1407–1409
limb reduction defects and, 1399–1404
normal, 1089–1097
development of, 1089, 1378f
extremity measurements of, 1089, 1379t,
1380f–1381f
triploidy and, 1408–1409
trisomy 13 and, 1408, 1408b
trisomy 18 and, 1408, 1408b
trisomy 21 and, 1408, 1408b
Skin folds, thickened, in lethal skeletal dysplasias,
1386
Skull, fetal
cloverleaf-shaped, 1136
craniosynostosis with, 1137f–1138f
in skeletal dysplasias, 1382
in thanatophoric dysplasia type 2, 1388–1389,
1389f
lemon-shaped, 1136, 1137f
strawberry-shaped, 1136, 1137f
Sleep apnea, pediatric TCD sonography for, 1611
Sleep-disordered breathing, 1611
“Sliding organ sign”, 566
Slipped capital femoral epiphysis, 1931–1932
Sludge
biliary
acute pancreatitis and, 221
gallbladder and, 194–195, 196f
gallbladder, pediatric, 1741, 1743f
spontaneous PTB and, 1503
tumefactive, 195, 196f, 1741
SMA. See Superior mesenteric artery
Small bowel. See also Bowel; Echogenic bowel
fetal, 1308–1316
anorectal malformations and, 1310–1312,
1311f
dilated loops of, 1311–1312
duodenal atresia and obstruction of,
1308–1309, 1310f
echogenic, 1313–1316, 1315f
enteric duplication cysts and, 1312–1313,
1313f
Hirschsprung disease and, 1312, 1312f
jejunoileal atresia obstructing, 1310, 1311f
meconium ileus and, 1310
meconium peritonitis and, 1313, 1313t,
1314f
meconium pseudocyst and, 1313, 1314f
lymphoma of, 266, 266f
pediatric, 1841–1847
anatomy of, 1841, 1842f
intussusception and, 1844–1845, 1849f
obstruction of, 1842–1843, 1846f
sonographic technique for, 1841
Small bowel mesentery, 505, 505f
Small saphenous vein, 981–982, 981f
Small-for-gestational age (SGA) fetus, 1454–1455,
1454b
SMI. See Superb microvascular imaging
Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome
ambiguous genitalia and, 1367
microcephaly in, 1194
SMV. See Superior mesenteric vein
Snell law, 5
Society for Fetal Urology, grading system of, for
hydronephrosis, 1354, 1355f
SOD. See Septo-optic dysplasia
Sot tissue(s)
foreign bodies embedded in, 872, 873f
ganglia, compression and, 865
heating of, 37–38, 37f
infection of, 872–874, 873f–874f
masses of, 869–872, 869f–872f, 871t
perienteric, in acute abdomen, 281–282
sarcomas, 871–872, 872f
thermal index for, in early, 1039
tumors of, fetal face and, 1154, 1160f
Sot Tissue hermal Index (TIS), 39
Solid-pseudopapillary tumor, 248, 248f
Soluble form, of injectable steroids, 900
Somites, in spine embryology, 1216–1217, 1217f,
1218t
Sonazoid, 56
Sonochemistry, acoustic cavitation and, 42,
42f
Sonographic air bronchograms. See Air
bronchograms, sonographic
Sonohysterography, uterine, 529
Sonoluminescence, 42
SonoVue, 56
Sotos syndrome, megalencephaly associated with,
1194–1195
Sound
attenuation of sound energy, 5–7, 7f, 35
intensity of, 5
physical efects of, 35
propagation of, 2–3, 3f
propagation velocity of, 2–3, 3f
relected, 3–4
theoretical understanding of, 58–59
Sound waves, 2, 2f
Spatial compounding, 13–15, 14f–15f
Spatial focusing, tissue heating and, 35
Spatial peak temporal average (SPTA), 32
Spatial resolution, 16–19, 18f–19f
Speckle, 4, 5f
contrast efect of, 13–15, 14f
spatial compounding and, 13–15
SPECT. See Single-photon emission computed
tomography
Volume I pp 1–1014 • Volume II pp 1015–1968