Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

I-54 Index
Spectral broadening, in Doppler ultrasound, 24,
24f, 29, 29b, 31f
in carotid artery stenosis, 927, 927f
in peripheral arterial stenosis, 968, 969f
Spectral window, 925, 925f
Specular relectors, 4, 4b, 5f
Speech, delayed, obstetric sonography and, 1040
Sperm, transport of, 1049–1051
Sperm granuloma, epididymis and, 841, 843f
Spermatic cord
anatomy of, 821–822, 821f
leiomyomas of, 840–841, 840f
lipomas of, 840–841, 840f
pediatric
cysts of, 1902–1903
torsion of, 1324–1325, 1369
relationship of indirect inguinal hernia to,
476–479, 479f, 481f
torsion of, 841–843, 845f
Spermatoceles, 839, 842f
paratesticular, 1904
pediatric, 1902–1903
Sphincter, internal urethral, 384
Sphincter of Oddi, dysfunction of, complicating
liver transplantation, 629
Spiculated breast carcinoma, 786
Spiculation, in breast sonography, 787–788, 788f
Spigelian fascia
anatomy of, 483–484
spigelian hernia location and, 483, 486f
Spigelian hernias, 471, 483–484. See also Hernia(s),
spigelian
Spina biida, 1218, 1223–1233. See also Neural tube
defects
abnormalities associated with
caudal regression as, 1237–1238, 1237f
cranial, 1228–1233
noncranial, 1233
sacral agenesis as, 1237
anatomic landmarks establishing, 1228b
closed, cranial changes in, 1183–1186, 1185f,
1185t–1186t
deinition of, 1225t
evaluation protocol for, with 3-D volume data,
1223b
NTDs and, 1223
open, cranial changes in, 1183–1186, 1184f,
1185t–1186t
pathogenesis and pathology in, 1226
prevention of, folic acid in, 1224–1225
prognosis of, 1228b
screening for
alpha-fetoprotein in, 1221, 1226–1228, 1226b,
1227f
Chiari II malformation in, 1221, 1228,
1230–1233
ultrasound in, 1226–1228
sonographic indings in, 1228, 1229f–1232f
sonographic signs of, 1233b
terminology of, 1680
Spina biida occulta
deinition of, 1225t
pathology of, 1226
Spinal canal, pediatric. See also Spinal dysraphism,
pediatric
acoustic window for, 1672, 1673f, 1674, 1675f
anomalies of, 1678–1679
arachnoid cysts of, 1695–1697, 1696f
embryology of, 1672–1674, 1673f
hemorrhage and, 1695, 1695f–1696f
infection of, 1695
normal anatomy of, 1674–1678, 1675f–1680f
seromas and, 1697, 1697f
sonographic technique for, 1674–1678
intraoperative uses of, 1697
subcutaneous hemangioma and, 1697, 1697f
Spinal canal, pediatric (Continued)
tethered cord and, 1678–1679, 1681f
tumors of, 1689–1691, 1691t, 1693f–1694f
Spinal column agenesis, 1689
Spinal cord
fetal, normal position of, 1218–1221, 1221f
pediatric, abnormally long, 1685
tumor of, pediatric, neurogenic bladder in,
1907
Spinal dysgenesis, segmental, 1674, 1689, 1691f
Spinal dysraphism, fetal, 1218
cephalocele as, 1139–1140
deinition of, 1225t
Spinal dysraphism, pediatric
classiication of, 1680–1681, 1682t
closed, with subcutaneous mass, 1682–1684,
1682t
lipomyelocele and, 1682, 1684f
lipomyelomeningocele and, 1682, 1685f
meningocele and, 1682–1683
myelocystocele and, 1683–1684, 1686f
closed, without subcutaneous mass, 1684–1689
abnormally long spinal cord and, 1685
anomalies at risk for, 1689, 1689b
caudal agenesis and, 1689, 1690f
complex states of, 1686–1689
diastematomyelia and, 1688–1689, 1688f
dorsal dermal sinus and, 1686, 1688f
dorsal enteric istulas and, 1686–1688
ilum terminale lipomas and, 1684–1685,
1686f
intradural lipomas and, 1686, 1687f
midline notochordal formation disorders,
1689
midline notochordal integration disorders,
1686–1689
persistent terminal ventricle and, 1685
segmental spinal dysgenesis and, 1689, 1691f
simple states of, 1684–1686
deinition of, 1679–1680
open, 1681–1682, 1682t
Chiari II malformation with, 1681–1682
myelomeningocele and, 1681, 1683f
placodes and, 1680
terminology of, 1680
Spine, fetal. See also Spina biida
abnormalities of
deinition of terms for, 1225t
diastematomyelia as, 1234–1235, 1236f
kyphosis as, 1235–1237, 1236f, 1237b
myelocystocele as, 1233–1234, 1234f–1235f
presacral masses as, 1239, 1239b
sacrococcygeal teratomas as, 1238–1239,
1238b, 1239f
scoliosis as, 1235–1237, 1237b
sirenomelia as, 1238, 1238f
spina biida as, 1223–1233
assessment of, in skeletal dysplasia, 1382
developmental anatomy of, 1216–1221
embryology of, 1216–1218, 1217f, 1218t
lower, cloacal exstrophy and, 1328
normal position of, 1218–1221, 1221f
ossiication of, 1218, 1219f–1220f
in lateral longitudinal scan plane, 1223f
in posterior angled transaxial scan plane,
1224f
in posterior longitudinal scan plane, 1224f
timing and pattern of, 1220t
routine sonographic views of, 1021, 1027f
scanning techniques for, 1221–1223
MRI for, 1216
scan planes in, 1221, 1222f–1224f
3-D ultrasound in, 1216, 1221–1223
Spiral arteries, 531–532
Spiral clips, pain from, ater herniorrhaphy, 497,
498f
Spleen
abscesses of, 148, 151f
drainage of, 617
absence of, 142
accessory, 158–159, 160f, 1771f
anatomy of, 139–142
bare area of, 139–141, 141f
biopsy of
percutaneous needle, 607, 608f
ultrasound-guided, 161
congenital anomalies of, 158–161
cysts of, 146–148, 146b, 148f–151f
fetal, 1320–1322, 1322f
embryology of, 139–142, 140f
fetal, 1320–1322, 1321f
cysts of, 1320–1322, 1322f
splenomegaly and, 1320
focal abnormalities of, 146–157
cysts as, 146–148, 146b, 148f–151f
nodular lesions as, 148–152, 151f–154f
solid lesions as, 152–157
focal solid lesions of, 152–157
benign, 153–157, 155b, 156f–157f
malignant, 152–153, 154f–155f, 155b
functions of, 141
Gamna-Gandy bodies in, 157
Gaucher disease in, 157, 158f
hamartomas of, 153–156, 156f
hemangiomas of, 148, 153–157, 156f
hematomas of, 158, 159f
infarctions of, 156–157, 157f
interventional procedures for, 161
lymphangiomas of, 148
measurement of, sonographic approach to,
143–145, 145f
metastases to, cystic, 148
nodular lesions of, 148–152
calciied, 150, 153f
in candidiasis, 150–152, 154f
causes of, 152b
in lymphoma, 152, 154f
metastatic, 152, 154f
microabscesses as, 150–152, 154f
in tuberculosis, 150, 151f–152f
pathologic conditions of, 145–158
pediatric, 1769–1772
abscesses of, 1769
calciications in, 1769
contusion to, 1771f
cysts of, 1769
enlargement of, 1769, 1770b, 1771f
granulomas of, 1771f
hematomas of, 1770, 1771f
infarcts of, 1770, 1771f
spontaneous rupture of, 1770
wandering, 1770–1772
peliosis of, 147
pitfalls in interpretation of, 161–162, 161f
retrorenal, 162
rupture of, 158
in SCD, 157
sonographic appearance of, 142–158,
144f–145f
sonographic technique for, 142, 142f–143f
trauma to, 158, 159f–160f
tuberculosis and, 150, 151f–152f
wandering, 159, 161f
weight of, 141
as window to pleural space, 1702, 1707f
Splenic varices, in portal hypertension, 1759f
Splenic vein
pancreatic body and, 211, 211f
pediatric
Doppler studies of, best approach for, 1752
low direction in, in portal hypertension,
1752