Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

I-8 Index
Blood low. See also Cerebral blood low, neonatal/
infant
in carotid arteries
internal, residual string of, detection of, 939,
940f
normal transient reversal of, 933–934
patterns of, altered, misinterpretation of, 927,
928f
patterns of, high-velocity, in stenoses,
928–932, 929f–931f, 931t
pseudostring of, on power Doppler, 935
residual string of, in occlusion, detection of,
935
in MCA, PSV and, 1421–1423, 1421b, 1422t
reversed, in ductus venosus, in aneuploidy
screening, 1095, 1095f
trophoblastic, 1083
venous
absence of, in DVT, 992–994
slow moving, without DVT, 984, 988f
Blood pool contrast agents, 55–56
encapsulated air bubbles as, 55–56, 55t
free gas bubbles as, 55
second-generation, 56
selective uptake, 56, 57f
Blood vessels. See also Carotid artery(ies); Internal
jugular vein; Vascular malformations;
Vertebral artery
adrenal, 416–417, 417f
cerebral
extracranial, 917f
IJV as, 955–956
malformations of, TCD sonography in, 1614,
1615f
vertebral artery as, 950–955
chest, pediatric, 1716–1723, 1721f–1724f
of fetal brain, malformations of, 1204–1208,
1206f
hepatic, abnormalities in, 96–104
patency of, ater liver transplantation, 625
renal
aberrant, 321–322
Doppler ultrasound of, 366
stenosis of, high-grade, waveforms in, 938
Blood-testis barrier, 827
Blooming artifacts, 60–61
“Blue dot” sign, 846
Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome, in venous
malformations of neck, 1657
Blue-dot sign, 1897
B-mode ultrasound, real-time, gray-scale, 9–10, 10f
Bochdalek hernia, 1258
Body stalk anomaly, fetal, 1329
Bone marrow transplantation, for SCD, 1598
Bone(s)
heating of, 37, 37f, 37t
shear waves created in, 39
thermal index for, in late, 1039
wormian, 1139, 1139b, 1139f
Bone(s), fetal
appearance of, abnormal, sonographic
evaluation for, 1381–1382
long
abnormal length of, sonographic evaluation
for, 1380–1384, 1381b, 1382f–1384f
bowing of, 1381–1382
BPD and, at diferent menstrual ages, 1379t
sonographic assessment of, 1387b–1388b
Bone hermal Index (TIB), 39
Bony septum, in spinal cord in diastematomyelia,
1234–1235, 1236f
Boomerang dysplasia, 1396
Borderline tumors, ovarian, 580f, 581
Bosniak classiication, malignant potential of renal
cysts and, 359
Bossing, frontal, in skeletal dysplasias, 1382
“Bovine arch” coniguration, 916
Bowel. See also Echogenic bowel; Mechanical
bowel obstruction; Small bowel
dilated, fetal, 1313
dilated loops of, 1310, 1311f
fetal gastroschisis and, 1323–1324
echogenic
fetal, 1310, 1313–1316, 1315f
in trisomy 21, 1100f, 1101
fetal, obstruction of, cloacal malformation and,
1363
function of, in spina biida, 1233
ischemic disease of, 297
neoplasms of, 592
obstruction of mechanical, 293
pediatric
interventional sonography and anatomy of,
1950
necrosis of, with perforation, in NEC,
1854–1855
TRUS-guided biopsy and preparation of, 407
Bowing
of femur, osteogenesis imperfecta type I and,
1380f
of fetal long bones, 1381–1382
BPD. See Biparietal diameter
BPH. See Benign prostatic hyperplasia
BPP. See Biophysical proile
BPS. See Bronchopulmonary sequestration
Brachial artery, 975
high, bifurcation of, 975–976, 976f, 998, 999f
Brachial plexus injury, pediatric, 1934–1936,
1936f–1937f
Brachial vein
anatomy of, 990–991, 990f
DVT and
chronic, 994–995, 996f
nonocclusive, 994f
Brachiocephalic artery, 916, 975
Brachiocephalic vein
anatomy of, 990–991, 990f
ultrasound examination of, 992f
Brachmann-de Lange syndrome, CDH and, 1263
Brachycephaly, 1136, 1137f
Brachydactyly, fetal, 1407, 1408f
Brachytherapy, for prostate cancer, TRUS-guided,
401, 402f
Bradycardia
carotid low waveforms and, 936–937
embryonic, 1068–1069, 1068f
fetal, 1297, 1297f
hydrops from, 1423–1424
sinus, 1297
Brain, fetal. See also Ventriculomegaly
abnormalities of, 1179
acrania and, 1179
Blake pouch cyst of, 1170, 1173f
cavum veli interpositi of, 1170–1174, 1174f
choroid plexus cysts of, 1170, 1173f
cortical development malformations and,
1193–1203
absence of septi pellucidi as, 1201–1203
cerebrohepatorenal syndrome as, 1196
chondrodysplasia punctata as, 1196
classiication of, 1194b
corpus callosum agenesis/dysgenesis as,
1199–1201, 1202f, 1203b
focal changes in, 1196
hemimegalencephaly as, 1195
heterotopia as, 1196, 1199f
intracranial calciications as, 1195f, 1203,
1204f
lissencephaly as, 1195–1196, 1196f–1197f
macrocephaly as, 1194–1195
megalencephaly as, 1194–1195
microcephaly as, 1194, 1195f
Brain, fetal (Continued)
polymicrogyria as, 1196, 1198f
schizencephaly as, 1196, 1199f
SOD as, 1201–1203, 1203f
TSC and, 1198, 1200f
development of, stages of, 1525b, 1525f
developmental anatomy of, 1167–1174, 1167t
dorsal induction errors and, 1179–1186
amniotic band sequence as, 1180f, 1182–1183
anencephaly as, 1179, 1180f
cephalocele as, 1179–1182
ciliopathies as, 1182
cranial changes in spina biida as, 1183–1186,
1184f–1185f, 1185t–1186t
encephalocele as, 1179–1182, 1181f, 1182t
exencephaly as, 1179
Joubert syndrome as, 1182
limb-body wall complex as, 1182–1183
Meckel-Gruber syndrome as, 1182
embryology of, 1167, 1167t
hydrocephalus and, 1174–1178
infections of, 1203–1204, 1205f
MRI evaluation of, 1166–1167, 1172f
sonographic anatomy of, 1167–1170, 1168f,
1170f–1172f
cerebellar view of, 1168–1169, 1169f
median (midsagittal) view of, 1169, 1169f
thalamic view of, 1168, 1169f
ventricular view of, 1168, 1169f
split, 1196
tumors and, 1208–1210, 1209f–1210f
variants in (usually normal), 1170–1174
vascular malformations of, 1204–1208, 1206f
dural sinus thrombosis as, 1205–1206, 1206f
hydranencephaly as, 1208, 1208f
intracranial hemorrhage as, 1206, 1207f
ventral induction errors and, 1186–1203
arachnoid cysts as, 1192–1193, 1193f
in cerebellum, 1189–1192
Dandy-Walker malformation as, 1190, 1190f
HPE as, 1186–1189, 1187b, 1188f, 1189b
mega-cisterna magna as, 1192, 1193f
in posterior fossa, 1189–1192
rhombencephalosynapsis as, 1192
vermis hypoplasia or dysplasia as, 1190–1192,
1192f
VM and, 1174–1178
Brain, neonatal/infant. See also Hypoxic-ischemic
events, neonatal/infant brain and
astrocytomas of, 1562, 1564f
calcar avis of, development of, 1523f, 1524
cavum septi pellucidi of, development of, 1521,
1521f–1522f
cavum veli interpositi of, development of,
1521–1522, 1521f
cavum vergae of, development of, 1521,
1521f–1522f
cellular migration disorders of, 1536–1537
cerebellar vermis of, development of, 1524
choroid plexus of
in coronal imaging, 1514–1515, 1514f
cysts of, 1565, 1566f
development of, 1522–1523, 1522f–1523f
papillomas of, 1562, 1565f
cisterna magna of, development of, 1524
cleavage disorders of, 1532–1536
color Doppler ultrasound for, 1573–1574
congenital malformations of, 1524–1526,
1525b
cystic encephalomalacia and, 1538, 1539f
cystic intracranial lesions of, 1562–1565, 1565t
cysts of
arachnoid, 1563–1565, 1565b
choroid plexus, 1565, 1566f
frontal horn, 1522, 1522f, 1566
periventricular, 1566, 1566f