Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

1714 PART V Pediatric Sonography
L
F
A
B
C
D
FIG. 50.20 Echogenicity of Air Bronchograms in Consolidated Lung. (A) Chest radiograph shows an opaciied left chest with some air
bronchograms. (B) Transverse scan shows luid (F) around consolidated lung (L), which has echogenicity similar to the liver. Air bronchograms
within the consolidated lung (arrow). (C) and (D) Sonograms of another patient show consolidated lung with air bronchograms and surrounded by
luid.
deies the “reasonably achievable” part of the ALARA (as low
as reasonably achievable) principle. 26 Typical radiation dose with
a pediatric exposure setting for a frontal view chest radiograph
is less than 0.1 mSv, which corresponds to natural background
radiation for less than 10 days and is considered minimal
risk. 26-28
FIG. 50.21 Pneumonia Showing Tubular Air Bronchograms. Color
low Doppler sonogram shows echogenic branching air bronchograms with
intervening branching vessels in consolidated lung surrounded by luid.
Atelectasis
Atelectatic lung is similar in echogenicity to liver (Fig. 50.24).
Sonographic air bronchograms may be present in atelectatic lung,
but the air bronchograms are more crowded than in pneumonia
because the lung volume is decreased. Bronchi can be illed with
luid rather than air, creating luid bronchograms. he echogenic,
parallel, branching walls are illed with hypoechoic luid, without
the acoustic shadowing and reverberation artifacts normally
seen with air. Color low Doppler sonography diferentiates
luid-illed bronchi from vessels because there will be no low in
the bronchi.