Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

Index I-7
Bioefects (Continued) Biopsy(ies) (Continued) Bladder (Continued)
epidemiology of, 48
of HIFU, 31–33, 33f
mechanical, 32
of obstetric sonography
animal research and, 1038–1039
behavioral changes and, 1040–1041
birth weight and, 1040
childhood malignancies and, 1041
congenital malformations and, 1041
delayed speech and, 1040
Doppler ultrasound and, 1041
dwell time and, 1036
dyslexia and, 1040
human studies on, 1039–1041
instrument outputs and, 1035–1036
mechanical, 1038
neurologic development and, 1040–1041
nonright-handedness and, 1040
scanning mode and, 1035
system setup and, 1035–1036, 1035f–1037f
thermal, 1036–1038
operating modes and, 30–31
output control and, 48–50, 49t
output display standard and, 46–47, 46f
output regulation and, 34–35
physical efects of sound and, 35
thermal, 32, 35–40
AIUM summary statement on, 40, 40b–41b
bone heating and, 37, 37f, 37t
estimating, 40
hyperthermia and safety and, 38, 38f
mechanism of, 35
in obstetric sonography, 1036–1038
sot tissue heating and, 37–38, 37f
spatial focusing and, 35
temporal considerations in, 36, 36f
tissue type and, 36, 36f
ultrasound output and, regulation of, 34–35
user concerns and, 31
Biometry, second-trimester, 1021, 1023f
Biophysical proile (BPP), 1456–1458, 1457f, 1457t
Biopsy(ies). See also Transrectal ultrasound, biopsy
guided by
chest wall lesion, ultrasound-guided, 1724–1725
ine-needle aspiration
parathyroid adenoma and accuracy of, 746
of thyroid gland, 709–710, 710t, 722
interventional sonography devices for, 1950
liver, percutaneous, 132–133
post-transplant bile leaks from, 627–629
mediastinal mass, pediatric, 1956, 1959f
percutaneous needle, 597–609
abscess complications with, 609, 610f
of adrenal gland, 606–607, 608f
of breast nodules, ultrasound-guided,
811–815, 813f–814f
for cervical lymph nodes, 717–718, 718f
color Doppler ultrasound for, 599
complications of, 608–609
computed tomography for, 599
contraindications to, 597–598
“freehand” technique for, 600, 602f
hemorrhage complications with, 608, 609f
imaging methods for, 599
indications for, 597–598
infection complications with, 609
of kidney, 605–606, 606f–607f
of liver, 603–604, 603f–604f
of lung, 607–608, 609f
needle selection for, 599–600
needle visualization in, 601–603, 602f
of pancreas, 604–605, 605f
of parathyroid adenomas, 750–751, 753f
periprocedural antithrombotic management
and, 598–599
procedure for, 600–601, 601f
of spleen, 607, 608f
for thyroid gland, 715–720, 718f–719f, 721f
transducer sterilization for, 600
prostate
PSA-directed, 395
ultrasound-guided, 407–411, 408f
renal, pediatric, Doppler assessment of, 1809,
1810f–1811f
of renal cell carcinoma staging, 343–344, 345f
targeted organ lesion, 1961, 1961f–1962f
ultrasound-guided
of adrenal glands, 428, 429f
of spleen, 161
Biparietal diameter (BPD)
corrected, in gestational age determination,
1447, 1447t, 1448f
femur length compared to, in heterozygous
achondroplasia, 1398, 1398f
in gestational age determination, 1446, 1447f
long-bone lengths and, at diferent menstrual
ages, 1379t
nasal bones in trisomy 21 and, 1099–1100
in second-trimester, 1023f
BI-RADS. See Breast Imaging Reporting and Data
System
Birth, preterm. See Preterm birth
Birth weight
discordance, in multifetal pregnancy, 1123
obstetric sonography and, 1040
Birt-Hogg-Dubé, hereditary oncocytosis,
348–350
Bladder. See also Cystitis
adenocarcinoma of, 348
agenesis of, 322
anatomy of, 314
calculi in, 338–339, 339f
pediatric, 1908
carcinomas of
squamous cell, 348
transitional cell, 347–348, 350f
cavernous hemangiomas of, 356
development of, 311, 312f
congenital anomalies related to, 322
diverticula, 374, 374f
identiication of, 592
drainage to, in pancreas transplantation,
668–672, 675f
duplication of, 322
endometriosis of, 372, 372f
exstrophy of, 322
fetal, 1339, 1340f
cloacal exstrophy and inability to visualize,
1328
exstrophy of, 1365–1366, 1366f
maximum volume of, 1339
nonvisualized, 1365, 1365b
routine sonographic view of, 1026f
rupture of, from posterior urethral valves,
1361, 1361f
istulas of, 334, 335f
function of, in spina biida, 1233
leiomyomas of, 356
leiomyosarcoma of, 356
lymphomas of, 353, 354f
malacoplakia and, 333, 333f
mesenchymal tumors of, 356
metastases to, 354–355, 355f
neck of, 314
neuroibromas of, 356
neurogenic, 372–374, 373f
pediatric
augmentation of, 1912–1913, 1913f
calculi in, 1908
dysfunctional, 1907–1908
neurogenic, 1907–1908
postoperative, 1912–1913, 1913f
spontaneous rupture of, 1912
pheochromocytomas of, 356
rare tumors of, 356
rhabdomyosarcomas of, 356
schistosomiasis of, 331, 331f
sonographic technique for, 314–315
trauma to, 366
urachal anomalies of, 322, 323f
wall of
causes of thickening of, 333b
interstitial cystitis and thickening of, 372, 373f
prune belly syndrome and thin walled,
1361–1362
Bladder, pediatric. See also Urinary tract, pediatric
exstrophy of, hydronephrosis and, 1791, 1791f
neurogenic, pediatric hydronephrosis and,
1788
normal anatomy of, 1783, 1783f
outlet of, obstruction of, pediatric
hydronephrosis and, 1788, 1789f–1790f
postvoid scanning of, 1872
rhabdomyosarcoma of, 1820, 1823f
tumors of, 1820, 1823f
pediatric hydronephrosis and, 1788
volume of
determination of, 1778, 1780f
shape and correction coeicient for,
1780t
wall thickness of, determination of, 1778–1781,
1780f
Bladder exstrophy, fetal, 1326, 1328f
Bladder lap hematomas, cesarean sections and,
556–557, 557f
Bladder outlet obstruction, pediatric
causes of, 1905–1906, 1905b
epididymitis and, 1897
Blake pouch
cerebellum and, 1189
cyst of
arachnoid cysts diferentiated from,
1192–1193
sonographic appearance of, 1170, 1173f
Dandy-Walker malformation diferentiated
from, 1190
formation of, 1167
Blastocyst, 1049
Blastocyte stage, 1051, 1051f
Bleeding
adenoma and, 117, 118f
endometrial abnormalities with, 544, 544b
postmenopausal bleeding as, 545–546
intraamniotic, fetal echogenic bowel and,
1316
in placenta previa, 1469
uterine postpartum indings with, 554
vaginal, hydatidiform molar pregnancy and,
1078
Block vertebrae
imperforate anus with, 1689, 1692f
in scoliosis and kyphosis, 1235
Blood
autologous, intratendinous injection of, 909–910,
912f
fetal, sampling of
in hydrops diagnosis, 1434–1435, 1435f
in immune hydrops, 1421
incompatible, immune hydrops from, 1419–1421
Volume I pp 1–1014 • Volume II pp 1015–1968