Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

1298 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal Sonography
REFERENCES
1. Hofman JI, Kaplan S. he incidence of congenital heart disease. J Am Coll
Cardiol. 2002;39(12):1890-1900.
2. Tegnander E, Williams W, Johansen OJ, et al. Prenatal detection of heart
defects in a non-selected population of 30,149 fetuses—detection rates and
outcome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2006;27(3):252-265.
3. Young ID, Clarke M. Lethal malformations and perinatal mortality: a 10
year review with comparison of ethnic diferences. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed).
1987;295(6590):89-91.
4. Jones KL, Smith DW. Smith’s recognizable patterns of human malformation.
6th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders-Elsevier; 2006.
5. Nora JJ. Medical genetics: principles and practice. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lea
& Febiger; 1994.
6. Nyberg DA, Mahony BS, Pretorius D. Diagnostic ultrasound of fetal
anomalies: text and atlas. Chicago: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1990.
7. Romero R. Prenatal diagnosis of congenital anomalies. Norwalk, CT: Appleton
& Lange; 1988.
8. Nora JJ, Nora AH. Maternal transmission of congenital heart diseases: new
recurrence risk igures and the questions of cytoplasmic inheritance and
vulnerability to teratogens. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59(5):459-463.
9. Reed KL. Fetal echocardiography. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 1991;
12(1):2-10.
10. Greenwood RD, Rosenthal A, Parisi L, et al. Extracardiac abnormalities
in infants with congenital heart disease. Pediatrics. 1975;55(4):485-
492.
11. Berg KA, Boughman JA, Astemborski JA, et al. Implications for prenatal
cytogenetic analysis from Baltimore-Washington study of liveborn infants
with conirmed congenital heart defects (CHD). Am J Hum Genet.
1986;39:A50.
12. Berg KA, Clark EB, Astemborski JA, Boughman JA. Prenatal detection of
cardiovascular malformations by echocardiography: an indication for
cytogenetic evaluation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1988;159(2):477-481.
13. Wladimirof JW, Stewart PA, Sachs ES, Niermeijer MF. Prenatal diagnosis
and management of congenital heart defect: signiicance of associated fetal
anomalies and prenatal chromosome studies. Am J Med Genet. 1985;21(2):
285-290.
14. Allan LD. Fetal echocardiography. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 1988;31(1):
61-79.
15. Callan NA, Maggio M, Steger S, Kan JS. Fetal echocardiography: indications
for referral, prenatal diagnoses, and outcomes. Am J Perinatol. 1991;8(6):
390-394.
16. Bromley B, Estrof JA, Sanders SP, et al. Fetal echocardiography: accuracy
and limitations in a population at high and low risk for heart defects. Am
J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;166(5):1473-1481.
17. Copel JA, Kleinman CS. he impact of fetal echocardiography on perinatal
outcome. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1986;12(4):327-335.
18. Simpson LL. Indications for fetal echocardiography from a tertiary-care
obstetric sonography practice. J Clin Ultrasound. 2004;32(3):123-
128.
19. Bahtiyar MO, Dulay AT, Weeks BP, et al. Prevalence of congenital heart
defects in monochorionic/diamniotic twin gestations: a systematic literature
review. J Ultrasound Med. 2007;26(11):1491-1498.
20. Bahtiyar MO, Campbell K, Dulay AT, et al. Is the rate of congenital heart
defects detected by fetal echocardiography among pregnancies conceived
by in vitro fertilization really increased? A case-historical control study.
J Ultrasound Med. 2010;29(6):917-922.
21. Vergani P, Mariani S, Ghidini A, et al. Screening for congenital heart disease
with the four-chamber view of the fetal heart. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
1992;167(4 Pt 1):1000-1003.
22. Copel JA, Pilu G, Green J, et al. Fetal echocardiographic screening for
congenital heart disease: the importance of the four-chamber view. Am J
Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157(3):648-655.
23. Kirk JS, Riggs TW, Comstock CH, et al. he prospective evaluation of fetal
cardiac anatomy: a comparison of 4 and 5 chamber views in 5967 patients.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1993;168:291.
24. Wyllie J, Wren C, Hunter S. Screening for fetal cardiac malformations. Br
Heart J. 1994;71(4 Suppl.):20-27.
25. Sharland GK, Allan LD. Screening for congenital heart disease prenatally.
Results of a 2 1/2-year study in the South East hames Region. Br J Obstet
Gynaecol. 1992;99(3):220-225.
26. Tegnander E, Eik-Nes SH, Johansen OJ, Linker DT. Prenatal detection of
heart defects at the routine fetal examination at 18 weeks in a non-selected
population. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1995;5(6):372-380.
27. Comstock CH. Normal fetal heart axis and position. Obstet Gynecol.
1987;70(2):255-259.
28. AIUM practice guideline for the performance of fetal echocardiography.
J Ultrasound Med. 2013;32(6):1067–1082.
29. Yagel S, Weissman A, Rotstein Z, et al. Congenital heart defects: natural
course and in utero development. Circulation. 1997;96(2):550-555.
30. Trines J, Hornberger LK. Evolution of heart disease in utero. Pediatr Cardiol.
2004;25(3):287-298.
31. Simpson JM, Sharland GK. Fetal tachycardias: management and outcome
of 127 consecutive cases. Heart. 1998;79(6):576-581.
32. Dolkart LA, Reimers FT. Transvaginal fetal echocardiography in early
pregnancy: normative data. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991;165(3):688-
691.
33. Achiron R, Weissman A, Rotstein Z, et al. Transvaginal echocardiographic
examination of the fetal heart between 13 and 15 weeks’ gestation in a
low-risk population. J Ultrasound Med. 1994;13(10):783-789.
34. Weiner Z, Lorber A, Shalev E. Diagnosis of congenital cardiac defects between
11 and 14 weeks’ gestation in high-risk patients. J Ultrasound Med.
2002;21(1):23-29.
35. Cartier MS, Davidof A, Warneke LA, et al. he normal diameter of the
fetal aorta and pulmonary artery: echocardiographic evaluation in utero.
Am J Roentgenol. 1987;149(5):1003-1007.
36. Yagel S, Cohen SM, Achiron R. Examination of the fetal heart by ive
short-axis views: a proposed screening method for comprehensive cardiac
evaluation. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2001;17(5):367-369.
37. Reed KL. Fetal arrhythmias: etiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and
treatment. Semin Perinatol. 1989;13(4):294-304.
38. Gembruch U, Chatterjee MS, Bald R, et al. Color Doppler low mapping
of fetal heart. J Perinat Med. 1991;19(1-2):27-32.
39. Chiba Y, Kanzaki T, Kobayashi H, et al. Evaluation of fetal structural heart
disease using color low mapping. Ultrasound Med Biol. 1990;16(3):
221-229.
40. Benacerraf BR, Sanders SP. Fetal echocardiography. Radiol Clin North Am.
1990;28(1):131-147.
41. Sharland GK, Chita SK, Allan LD. he use of colour Doppler in fetal
echocardiography. Int J Cardiol. 1990;28(2):229-236.
42. Yagel S, Cohen SM, Shapiro I, Valsky DV. 3D and 4D ultrasound in fetal
cardiac scanning: a new look at the fetal heart. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.
2007;29(1):81-95.
43. Acar P, Dulac Y, Taktak A, Abadir S. Real-time three-dimensional fetal
echocardiography using matrix probe. Prenat Diagn. 2005;25(5):370-
375.
44. Brekke S, Tegnander E, Torp HG, Eik-Nes SH. Tissue Doppler gated (TDOG)
dynamic three-dimensional ultrasound imaging of the fetal heart. Ultrasound
Obstet Gynecol. 2004;24(2):192-198.
45. Donofrio MT, Moon-Grady AJ, Hornberger LK, et al. Diagnosis and treatment
of fetal cardiac disease: a scientiic statement from the American Heart
Association. Circulation. 2014;129(21):2183-2242.
46. Hofman JI, Christianson R. Congenital heart disease in a cohort of
19,502 births with long-term follow-up. Am J Cardiol. 1978;42(4):
641-647.
47. Allan LD, Crawford DC, Anderson RH, Tynan M. Spectrum of congenital
heart disease detected echocardiographically in prenatal life. Br Heart J.
1985;54(5):523-526.
48. Keith JD. Atrial septal defect: ostium secundum, ostium primum, and
atrioventricularis communis (common AV canal). In: Keith JD, Rowe RD,
Vlad P, editors. Heart disease in infancy and childhood. 3rd ed. New York:
Macmillan; 1978. p. 330-404.
49. Samanek M. Children with congenital heart disease: probability of natural
survival. Pediatr Cardiol. 1992;13(3):152-158.
50. Fyler DC. Atrial septal defect secundum. In: Fyler DC, editor. Nadas’ pediatric
cardiology. Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus; 1992. p. 513-524.