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1162 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal SonographyABCDEFIG. 33.33 Fetal Goiter. (A) and (B) Twodimensionaland three-dimensional images of neckhyperextension in fetus with goiter at 24 weeks’gestation. (C) Different fetus at 30 weeks’ gestationwith goiter. Coronal sonogram shows bilaterallyenlarged thyroid lobes (arrows) surrounding the normalmidline trachea. (D) Axial and (E) coronal magneticresonance images show that the enlarged fetal thyroidgland (arrows) does not compromise the airway.
CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck 1163in fetal goiter. Primary fetal thyroid dysfunction may also causegoiter.Fetal goiter appears as a midline homogeneous solid mass inthe anterior neck surrounding the trachea (Fig. 33.33). heremay be increased blood low to the goiter. When large, fetalgoiters cause hyperextension of the neck, leading to interferencewith fetal swallowing and resultant polyhydramnios. Neckhyperextension can lead to fetal malpresentation and can causediiculties at delivery. Cordocentesis may be necessary todetermine if there is fetal hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism.In the setting of fetal hypothyroidism, treatment with intraamnioticthyroid hormone will oten lead to a decrease in size ofthe fetal goiter. 130 Ater treatment with intrauterine thyroxine,fetal goiter may decrease in size, and hyperextension of the fetalneck may resolve. In cases of fetal hyperthyroidism, it is importantto evaluate for fetal tachycardia and high-output cardiacfailure.CONCLUSIONPrenatal sonographic evaluation of the fetal face and neck ofersan opportunity to identify many abnormalities. hese observationsare oten essential to prenatal counseling and prognosis becauseof the association of many of these abnormalities with syndromesand chromosomal anomalies. Appropriate diagnosis of abnormalitiesallows for planning of the appropriate mode of delivery andtherapy when the fetal airway is potentially compromised.AcknowledgmentsWe would like to acknowledge with gratitude the assistance oflibrarians Alison Clapp and Miriam Geller and the administrativeassistance of Susan Ivey, Department of Radiology, at Children’sHospital Boston. Special thanks also to Ants Toi, MD, for thediscussion on craniosynostosis.REFERENCES1. American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine. AIUM practice guidelinesfor the performance of obstetric ultrasound examinations 2013 [updated2013]. Available from: www.aium.org/resources/guidelines/obstetric.pdf.2. Moore KL, Persaud TVN, Torchia MG. he developing human: clinicallyoriented embryology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2015.3. Van de Water TR, Staecker H. Otolaryngology: basic science and clinicalreview. New York: hieme; 2006.4. Brookes M, Zietman A. Clinical embryology: a color atlas and text. BocaRaton, FL: CRC Press; 1998.5. Nyberg DA, McGahan JP, Pretorius DH, Pilu G. Diagnostic imaging offetal anomalies. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Williams; 2002.6. Forrester JV, Dick AD, McMenamin PG, et al. he eye: basic sciences inpractice. 4th ed. New York: Saunders; 2015.7. Haak MC, Bartelings MM, Jackson DG, et al. Increased nuchal translucencyis associated with jugular lymphatic distension. Hum Reprod. 2002;17(4):1086-1092.8. Kurjak A, Azumendi G, Andonotopo W, Salihagic-Kadic A. hree- andfour-dimensional ultrasonography for the structural and functional evaluationof the fetal face. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007;196(1):16-28.9. Johnson DD, Pretorius DH, Budorick NE, et al. Fetal lip and primary palate:three-dimensional versus two-dimensional US. Radiology. 2000;217(1):236-239.10. De Jong-Pleij EA, Ribbert LS, Tromp E, Bilardo CM. hree-dimensionalmultiplanar ultrasound is a valuable tool in the study of the fetal proile inthe second trimester of pregnancy. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;35(2):195-200.11. Ocal DF, Nas T, Guler I. he place of four-dimensional ultrasound inevaluating fetal anomalies. Ir J Med Sci. 2015;184(3):607-612.12. Tonni G, Martins WP, Guimaraes Filho H, Araujo Junior E. Role of 3-Dultrasound in clinical obstetric practice: evolution over 20 years. UltrasoundMed Biol. 2015;41(5):1180-1211.13. Merz E, Abramovicz J, Baba K, et al. 3D imaging of the fetal face—recommendations from the International 3D Focus Group. Ultraschall Med.2012;33(2):175-182.14. Campbell S, Lees C, Moscoso G, Hall P. Ultrasound antenatal diagnosis ofclet palate by a new technique: the 3D “reverse face” view. UltrasoundObstet Gynecol. 2005;25(1):12-18.15. Chen ML, Chang CH, Yu CH, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of clet palate bythree-dimensional ultrasound. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2001;27(8):1017-1023.16. Lee W, Kirk JS, Shaheen KW, et al. Fetal clet lip and palate detection bythree-dimensional ultrasonography. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;16(4):314-320.17. Chervenak FA, Jeanty P, Cantraine F, et al. he diagnosis of fetal microcephaly.Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1984;149(5):512-517.18. homas M. he lemon sign. Radiology. 2003;228(1):206-207.19. Nyberg DA, Mack LA, Hirsch J, Mahony BS. Abnormalities of fetal cranialcontour in sonographic detection of spina biida: evaluation of the “lemon”sign. Radiology. 1988;167(2):387-392.20. Nicolaides KH, Salvesen DR, Snijders RJ, Gosden CM. Strawberry-shapedskull in fetal trisomy 18. Fetal Diagn her. 1992;7(2):132-137.21. Slater BJ, Lenton KA, Kwan MD, et al. Cranial sutures: a brief review. PlastReconstr Surg. 2008;121(4):170e-178e.22. Hajihosseini MK. Fibroblast growth factor signaling in cranial suturedevelopment and pathogenesis. Front Oral Biol. 2008;12:160-177.23. Rawlins JT, Opperman LA. TGF-beta regulation of suture morphogenesisand growth. Front Oral Biol. 2008;12:178-196.24. Hukki J, Saarinen P, Kangasniemi M. Single suture craniosynostosis: diagnosisand imaging. Front Oral Biol. 2008;12:79-90.25. Delahaye S, Bernard JP, Renier D, Ville Y. Prenatal ultrasound diagnosisof fetal craniosynostosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;21(4):347-353.26. Flores-Sarnat L. New insights into craniosynostosis. Semin Pediatr Neurol.2002;9(4):274-291.27. Gorincour G, Rypens F, Grignon A, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of cloverleafskull: watch the hands! Fetal Diagn her. 2005;20(4):296-300.28. Dover MS. Abnormal skull shape: clinical management. Pediatr Radiol.2008;38(Suppl. 3):S484-S487.29. Renier D, Lajeunie E, Arnaud E, Marchac D. Management of craniosynostoses.Childs Nerv Syst. 2000;16(10-11):645-658.30. Brunelle F, Baraton J, Renier D, et al. Intracranial venous anomalies associatedwith atretic cephalocoeles. Pediatr Radiol. 2000;30(11):743-747.31. Robinson AJ, Blaser S, Toi A, et al. MRI of the fetal eyes: morphologicand biometric assessment for abnormal development with ultrasonographicand clinicopathologic correlation. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38(9):971-981.32. Trout T, Budorick NE, Pretorius DH, McGahan JP. Signiicance oforbital measurements in the fetus. J Ultrasound Med. 1994;13(12):937-943.33. Tan ST, Mulliken JB. Hypertelorism: nosologic analysis of 90 patients. PlastReconstr Surg. 1997;99(2):317-327.34. Bianchi D, Crombleholme T, D’Alton M, Malone F. Fetology: diagnosis andmanagement of the fetal patient. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional;2010.35. Dilmen G, Koktener A, Turhan NO, Tez S. Growth of the fetal lens andorbit. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2002;76(3):267-271.36. Verma AS, Fitzpatrick DR. Anophthalmia and microphthalmia. OrphanetJ Rare Dis. 2007;2:47.37. Warburg M. Classiication of microphthalmos and coloboma. J Med Genet.1993;30(8):664-669.38. Bault JP, Quarello E. Retinal coloboma: prenatal diagnosis using a newtechnique, the ‘virtual fetal eyeground’. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.2009;33(4):495-496.
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1600 John F. Kennedy Blvd.Ste 1800P
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viiiContributorsOlga R. Brook, MDAs
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xContributorsChristy K. Holland, Ph
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xiiContributorsRupa Radhakrishnan,
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xxiiContentsVOLUME IIPART IV Obstet
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xxivVideo ContentsVideo 12.8 Angiog
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xxviVideo ContentsVideo 26.20 High-
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xxviiiVideo Contents42 Fetal Measur
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2 PART I Physicsphysics. he amplitu
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4 PART I Physics× ms×FIG. 1.4 Ult
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6 PART I Physicsθ 1 = 20°Tissue A
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8 PART I Physicssignature. Broad-ba
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10 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.13 B-Mode I
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12 PART I PhysicsIn these transduce
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14 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.17 Tissue H
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16 PART I PhysicsKey Points of Ultr
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18 PART I PhysicsA - Normal liverv
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20 PART I PhysicsFIG. 1.27 Reverber
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22 PART I Physics-0 dBUncorrected-0
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24 PART I Physicsθ = 0°cos θ = 1
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26 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.38 Color
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28 PART I PhysicsChanges in Doppler
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30 PART I PhysicsABFIG. 1.44 Wall F
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32 PART I PhysicsABCDFIG. 1.46 Alia
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CHAPTER2Biologic Effects and Safety
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36 PART I PhysicsPressurePulse repe
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38 PART I PhysicsUltrasound imaging
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40 PART I Physicsacoustic power and
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42 PART I PhysicsFIG. 2.6 Acoustic
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44 PART I PhysicsThe AIUM Statement
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46 PART I Physics1. Current ultraso
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48 PART I PhysicsEPIDEMIOLOGYWith a
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50 PART I Physicscontrols whether t
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52 PART I Physics70. Hwang JH, Tu J
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54 PART I PhysicsA B 5 μmFIG. 3.1
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56 PART I Physicsstudies with Levov
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58 PART I Physicsabdominal organs.
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60 PART I PhysicsHarmonic B-Mode Im
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62 PART I PhysicsFIG. 3.9 Contrast-
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64 PART I Physicsdramatic manifesta
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66 PART I Physics5 µmFIG. 3.15 Fra
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68 PART I Physicsplatelet lysis), n
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70 PART I PhysicsEnhancement1 2 3 4
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72 PART I Physics46. Hamilton MF, B
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PART TWO: Abdominal and Pelvic Sono
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76 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic Son
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100 PART II Abdominal and Pelvic So
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ABFIG. 5.20 Microabscesses in Two P
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ABFIG. 6.32 Distal Cholangiocarcino
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CHAPTER7The PancreasThomas Winter a
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CHAPTER8The Gastrointestinal TractS
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ABFIG. 8.16 Lymphadenopathy in Two
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A B CD E FG H IFIG. 8.23 Inlammator
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FIG. 8.56 Gastrointestinal Stromal
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CHAPTER9The Kidney and Urinary Trac
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Remnant ofpronephrosMesonephrosBMes
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CHAPTER11The Adrenal GlandsChristin
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CHAPTER12The RetroperitoneumRaymond
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CHAPTER13Dynamic Ultrasound of Hern
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CHAPTER14The PeritoneumAnthony E. H
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CHAPTER15The UterusDouglas Brown an
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CHAPTER16The AdnexaRochelle Filker
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692 PART III Small Parts, Carotid A
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CHAPTER20The Parathyroid GlandsBonn
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*** *FIG. 21.8 Terminal Ductolobula
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CHAPTER22The ScrotumDaniel Sommers
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CHAPTER23Overview of Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER25Musculoskeletal Interventi
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ABCDFIG. 25.15 Biceps Tendon Sheath
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CHAPTER27Peripheral VesselsMark E.
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ABFIG. 27.29 Chronic Deep Venous Th
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1000 PART III Small Parts, Carotid
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e2APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A V
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FIG. A.18 Comet-Tail Artifact. On c
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e12APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A
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I-2 IndexAcetabulumdescription of,
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I-4 IndexAnemiafetal, hydrops from,
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I-6 IndexAttenuationcoeicient, 36of
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I-8 IndexBlood low. See also Cerebr
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I-10 IndexBreast(s) (Continued)thic
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I-12 IndexCat-scratch disease, pedi
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I-14 IndexChorion laeve, 1465-1466C
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I-16 IndexContrast agents (Continue
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I-18 IndexCyst(s) (Continued) Cyst(
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I-20 IndexDoppler ultrasound (Conti
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I-22 IndexEndocardial cushion(s), 1
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I-24 IndexFibroma(s) (Continued)par
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I-26 IndexGerminal epithelium, 565G
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I-28 IndexHematoma(s) (Continued)pe
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I-30 IndexHoloprosencephaly (HPE) (
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I-32 IndexImplants, breast (Continu
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I-34 IndexJaundice (Continued)bile
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I-36 IndexLipomyelocele, closed spi
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I-38 IndexMammary ductsnormal sonog
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I-40 IndexMolar pregnancy. See Hyda
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I-42 IndexNonrhizomelic chondrodysp
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I-44 IndexPancreas (Continued)percu
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I-46 IndexPeritoneum (Continued)tum
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I-48 IndexPosterior fossa (Continue
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I-50 IndexPyloric musclehypertrophy
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I-52 IndexSample volume size, Doppl
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I-54 IndexSpectral broadening, in D
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I-56 IndexSuperoanteromedial ridge,
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I-58 Indexhrombosis (Continued)of s
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I-60 IndexTrisomy 18 (Edwards syndr
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I-62 IndexUrinary tract, pediatric
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I-64 IndexWalker-Warburg syndromeco
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND5TH EDITIONCARO
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ABOUT THE EDITORSCarol M. Rumack, M
Page 1161 and 1162:
ContributorsviiCONTRIBUTORSJacques
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ContributorsixPeter M. Doubilet, MD
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ContributorsxiAna P. Lourenco, MDAs
Page 1167 and 1168:
ContributorsxiiiWendy hurston, MDAs
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In memory of my parents, Drs. Ruth
Page 1171 and 1172:
PrefacexviiPREFACEhe ith edition of
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AcknowledgmentsxixACKNOWLEDGMENTSWe
Page 1175 and 1176:
ContentsxxiCONTENTSVOLUME IPART I P
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Video ContentsxxiiiVIDEO CONTENTS4
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Video Contentsxxv19 The Thyroid Gla
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Video Contentsxxvii33 The Fetal Fac
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Video Contentsxxix52 The Pediatric
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DIAGNOSTICULTRASOUND
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PART FOUR: Obstetric and Fetal Sono
Page 1189 and 1190:
CHAPTER 28 Overview of Obstetric Im
Page 1191 and 1192:
Page 1193 and 1194:
Page 1195 and 1196:
ABCDFIG. 28.9 Second-Trimester Biom
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Page 1199 and 1200:
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Page 1207 and 1208:
CHAPTER 29 Bioeffects and Safety of
Page 1209 and 1210:
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Page 1219 and 1220:
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CHAPTER 30 The First Trimester 1049
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CHAPTER 31 Chromosomal Abnormalitie
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Page 1273 and 1274:
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ABCDFIG. 31.12 Sonographic Findings
Page 1279 and 1280:
Page 1281 and 1282:
Page 1283 and 1284: CHAPTER 31 Chromosomal Abnormalitie
Page 1285 and 1286: CHAPTER 31 Chromosomal Abnormalitie
Page 1287 and 1288: CHAPTER32Multifetal PregnancyMary C
Page 1289 and 1290: CHAPTER 32 Multifetal Pregnancy 111
Page 1293 and 1294: ABFIG. 32.5 Sonographic Findings Se
Page 1305 and 1306: CHAPTER33The Fetal Face and NeckAna
Page 1307 and 1308: CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck
Page 1317 and 1318: ABCDFIG. 33.13 Hypertelorism With E
Page 1319 and 1320: ABCDFIG. 33.16 Dacryocystocele. (A)
Page 1327 and 1328: ABCDEFFIG. 33.24 Unilateral Complet
Page 1333: CHAPTER 33 The Fetal Face and Neck
Page 1339 and 1340: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1167impo
Page 1341 and 1342: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1169cmAB
Page 1343 and 1344: CingulatePOCalcarineAB21 wkCD25 wkI
Page 1345 and 1346: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1173FIG.
Page 1347 and 1348: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1175LTAR
Page 1349 and 1350: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1177CC12
Page 1351 and 1352: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1179SPEC
Page 1353 and 1354: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1181ABCD
Page 1355 and 1356: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1183asym
Page 1357 and 1358: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1185FIG.
Page 1359 and 1360: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1187Cere
Page 1361 and 1362: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1189loba
Page 1363 and 1364: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1191ABCF
Page 1365 and 1366: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1193ABCF
Page 1367 and 1368: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1195spor
Page 1369 and 1370: ABCCCDEFFIG. 34.24 Type 2 Lissencep
Page 1371 and 1372: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1199ABFI
Page 1373 and 1374: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 120120 w
Page 1375 and 1376: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1203Ultr
Page 1377 and 1378: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1205ABCD
Page 1379 and 1380: VSSABHHPHCDEFFIG. 34.35 Intracrania
Page 1381 and 1382: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1209VABC
Page 1383 and 1384: CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1211Huma
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1213121.
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CHAPTER 34 The Fetal Brain 1215221.
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1217ABCF
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1219L1S3
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1221FTFT
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1223FIG.
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1225TABL
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1227Feta
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1229MMAB
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ABCDEFFIG. 35.15 Skin-Covered Myelo
Page 1405 and 1406:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1233diic
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1235CCSC
Page 1409 and 1410:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1237chon
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CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 1239BSCT
Page 1413 and 1414:
CHAPTER 35 The Fetal Spine 124162.
Page 1415 and 1416:
CHAPTER36The Fetal ChestDorothy Bul
Page 1417 and 1418:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1245seco
Page 1419 and 1420:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1247TABL
Page 1421 and 1422:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1249Left
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12511ABC
Page 1425 and 1426:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1253ABCF
Page 1427 and 1428:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1255cent
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1257Left
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1259ABCD
Page 1433 and 1434:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1261RTLT
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CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1263ARig
Page 1437 and 1438:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 12659. B
Page 1439 and 1440:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1267107.
Page 1441 and 1442:
CHAPTER 36 The Fetal Chest 1269204.
Page 1443 and 1444:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1271TABL
Page 1445 and 1446:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1273TABL
Page 1447 and 1448:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1275Plac
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1277ADop
Page 1451 and 1452:
CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1279LVRV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1281RARV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1283RARV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1285Norm
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1287RVLV
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1289RVTA
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1291LVRA
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1293Aspl
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1295PLVL
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 1297HR-L
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CHAPTER 37 The Fetal Heart 129951.
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CHAPTER 38 The Fetal Gastrointestin
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UrogenitalsinusMesonephrosMesonephr
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CHAPTER 39 The Fetal Urogenital Tra
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CHAPTER 40 The Fetal Musculoskeleta
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1413ABFIG.
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ABCDFIG. 41.2 Ascites. (A) Fluid ou
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1417A B CD
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1423later
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1427CHABCH
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1429Monoch
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1431feedin
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1433TABLE
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1435sampli
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1437Predel
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 143973. Ma
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CHAPTER 41 Fetal Hydrops 1441169. I
Page 1615 and 1616:
CHAPTER42Fetal Measurements: Normal
Page 1617 and 1618:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1445F
Page 1619 and 1620:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1447T
Page 1621 and 1622:
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1451p
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1453d
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1455A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 1459A
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CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14618
Page 1635 and 1636:
CHAPTER 42 Fetal Measurements 14631
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CHAPTER43Sonographic Evaluation oft
Page 1639 and 1640:
CHAPTER 43 Sonographic Evaluation o
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CHAPTER44Cervical Ultrasound and Pr
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CHAPTER 44 Cervical Ultrasound and
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PART FIVE: Pediatric SonographyCHAP
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CHAPTER 45 Neonatal and Infant Brai
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CHAPTER46Duplex Sonography of the N
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CHAPTER 46 Duplex Sonography of the
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Page 1759 and 1760:
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CHAPTER47Doppler Sonography of the
Page 1765 and 1766:
CHAPTER 47 Doppler Sonography of th
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Page 1799 and 1800:
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CHAPTER 48 The Pediatric Head and N
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Page 1813 and 1814:
Page 1815 and 1816:
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Page 1839 and 1840:
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Page 1843 and 1844:
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CHAPTER 49 The Pediatric Spinal Can
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Page 1855 and 1856:
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Page 1859 and 1860:
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Page 1863 and 1864:
Page 1865 and 1866:
RA B CDEFGFIG. 49.27 Neuroblastoma
Page 1867 and 1868:
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Page 1873 and 1874:
CHAPTER50The Pediatric ChestChetan
Page 1875 and 1876:
CHAPTER 50 The Pediatric Chest 1703
Page 1877 and 1878:
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Page 1881 and 1882:
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Page 1885 and 1886:
Page 1887 and 1888:
Page 1889 and 1890:
Page 1891 and 1892:
Page 1893 and 1894:
Page 1895 and 1896:
Page 1897 and 1898:
Page 1899 and 1900:
Page 1901 and 1902:
Page 1903 and 1904:
CHAPTER 51 The Pediatric Liver and
Page 1905 and 1906:
Page 1907 and 1908:
Page 1909 and 1910:
Page 1911 and 1912:
Page 1913 and 1914:
Page 1915 and 1916:
Page 1917 and 1918:
Page 1919 and 1920:
Page 1921 and 1922:
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Page 1927 and 1928:
Page 1929 and 1930:
Page 1931 and 1932:
Page 1933 and 1934:
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Page 1937 and 1938:
Page 1939 and 1940:
Page 1941 and 1942:
Page 1943 and 1944:
ABCFIG. 51.39 Hepatosplenomegaly. W
Page 1945 and 1946:
Page 1947 and 1948:
CHAPTER52The Pediatric Urinary Trac
Page 1949 and 1950:
CHAPTER 52 The Pediatric Urinary Tr
Page 1951 and 1952:
TABLE 52.4 Mean Total Renal Volumes
Page 1953 and 1954:
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Page 1957 and 1958:
Page 1959 and 1960:
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Page 1975 and 1976:
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Page 1981 and 1982:
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Page 1989 and 1990:
Page 1991 and 1992:
Page 1993 and 1994:
Page 1995 and 1996:
Page 1997 and 1998:
Page 1999 and 2000:
Page 2001 and 2002:
Page 2003 and 2004:
Page 2005 and 2006:
CHAPTER53The Pediatric Gastrointest
Page 2007 and 2008:
CHAPTER 53 The Pediatric Gastrointe
Page 2009 and 2010:
Page 2011 and 2012:
Page 2013 and 2014:
Page 2015 and 2016:
Page 2017 and 2018:
Page 2019 and 2020:
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Page 2037 and 2038:
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Page 2041 and 2042:
Page 2043 and 2044:
CHAPTER 54 Pediatric Pelvic Sonogra
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Page 2087 and 2088:
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Page 2091 and 2092:
Page 2093 and 2094:
CHAPTER 55 The Pediatric Hip and Ot
Page 2095 and 2096:
Page 2097 and 2098:
Page 2099 and 2100:
Page 2101 and 2102:
Page 2103 and 2104:
Page 2105 and 2106:
Page 2107 and 2108:
Page 2109 and 2110:
ABCDFIG. 55.13 Normal and Dislocate
Page 2111 and 2112:
Page 2113 and 2114:
Page 2115 and 2116:
CHAPTER 56 Pediatric Interventional
Page 2117 and 2118:
Page 2119 and 2120:
Page 2121 and 2122:
Page 2123 and 2124:
Page 2125 and 2126:
Page 2127 and 2128:
Page 2129 and 2130:
Page 2131 and 2132:
ABCFIG. 56.15 Access for Drainage o
Page 2133 and 2134:
Page 2135 and 2136:
Page 2137 and 2138:
Page 2139 and 2140:
Page 2141 and 2142:
APPENDIXUltrasound Artifacts: A Vir
Page 2143 and 2144:
APPENDIX Ultrasound Artifacts: A Vi
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Page 2147 and 2148:
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Page 2173 and 2174:
Page 2175 and 2176:
Page 2177 and 2178:
Page 2179 and 2180:
IndexAAA anastomoses. See Arterial/
Page 2181 and 2182:
Index I-3Adnexa (Continued)transvag
Page 2183 and 2184:
Index I-5Arrays, transducer, 11-12A
Page 2185 and 2186:
Index I-7Bioefects (Continued) Biop
Page 2187 and 2188:
Index I-9Brain, neonatal/infant (Co
Page 2189 and 2190:
Index I-11Carcinoma(s) (Continued)
Page 2191 and 2192:
Index I-13Cervix (Continued)for sym
Page 2193 and 2194:
Index I-15Color Doppler ultrasound
Page 2195 and 2196:
Index I-17Cystic artery, 194promine
Page 2197 and 2198:
Index I-19Diabetes mellituschronic
Page 2199 and 2200:
Index I-21Echinococcal disease (Con
Page 2201 and 2202:
Index I-23Exudate ascites, 506-507E
Page 2203 and 2204:
Index I-25Gallbladder (Continued)ad
Page 2205 and 2206:
Index I-27Gyriabnormalities of, in
Page 2207 and 2208:
Index I-29Hernia(s). See also Diaph
Page 2209 and 2210:
Index I-31Hyperechoic tissue, in br
Page 2211 and 2212:
Index I-33Internal jugular vein (IJ
Page 2213 and 2214:
Index I-35Kidneys, pediatric (Conti
Page 2215 and 2216:
Index I-37Liver transplantation (Co
Page 2217 and 2218:
Index I-39Mesentery, small bowel, 5
Page 2219 and 2220:
Index I-41Nasal bone, fetal (Contin
Page 2221 and 2222:
Index I-43Orbits, fetal (Continued)
Page 2223 and 2224:
Index I-45Patau syndrome. See Triso
Page 2225 and 2226:
Index I-47Pleural efusionsfetal, 12
Page 2227 and 2228:
Index I-49Prostate (Continued)thera
Page 2229 and 2230:
Index I-51Renal transplantation (Co
Page 2231 and 2232:
Index I-53Shunt(s) (Continued) Skel
Page 2233 and 2234:
Index I-55Splenic vein (Continued)t
Page 2235 and 2236:
Index I-57Testis(es) (Continued)cys
Page 2237 and 2238:
Index I-59Transcranial Doppler (TCD
Page 2239 and 2240:
Index I-61Umbilical cord, 1481-1487
Page 2241 and 2242:
Index I-63Vein of Galen (Continued)
Page 2243 and 2244:
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Page 2249:
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