Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

I-58 Index
hrombosis (Continued)
of splenic vein
acute pancreatitis complicated by, 230, 231f
chronic pancreatitis and, 232–233, 234f–235f
SVC, pediatric, 1721, 1721b, 1722f
vascular, pediatric chest and, 1716–1721,
1721f–1723f
humb
aplastic or hypoplastic, in Fanconi pancytopenia,
1400, 1402f
hitchhiker
in diastrophic dwarism, 1382, 1406
diastrophic dysplasia and, 1398, 1398f
triphalangeal, in Aase syndrome, 1401
hump artifacts, 60
hymic cyst, 1652, 1653f, 1723–1724
hymic index, 1723, 1725f
formula for calculation of, 1724t
normal, for children under 2, 1726t
hymopharyngeal ducts, formation of, 1652
hymus
fetal, normal appearance of, 1244f
pediatric
benign abnormalities of, 1723–1724
cervical ectopic, 1723
ectopic, 1652, 1653f
mediastinal masses and abnormal location of,
1723
normal, blood vessels of chest and, 1716–
1721, 1721f
superior herniation of, 1723
hyroglossal duct cysts, pediatric, 1640, 1643,
1644f–1645f
hyroid artery, superior, 918
hyroid gland. See also hyroiditis
adenomas of, 697, 700f
anatomy of, 692–694, 692f
aplasia of, 694, 694f
carcinoma of, 695, 698–708
anaplastic, 707–708, 708b, 709f
follicular, 701, 701b, 706f–707f, 1648
incidence of, 722, 722f–723f
medullary, 701–707, 707f–708f, 1648
papillary, 698–701, 701f–705f, 713, 1648,
1649f
papillary microcarcinoma, 701, 706f
CEUS for assessment of, 692, 714–715
congenital abnormalities of, 694, 694f
cysts, calciications of, 695
difuse disease of, 723–728, 723b
adenomatous goiter as, 727
Graves disease and, 727, 727f, 1646, 1646f
ectopic, 694
elastography for assessment of, 692, 714–715,
715f–716f
ethanol injection for nodular disease of
for autonomously functioning nodules,
719–720
for benign cystic lesions, 719, 719f
for solitary solid benign “cold” nodules,
720
fetal, normal sonographic appearance of, 1136f
hypoplasia of, 694, 694f
incidentally detected nodule and, 720–723,
722f–723f, 723b
instrumentation for, 691–692, 692f
lingual, pediatric, 1639
lobes of, 692
lymphoma of, 708–709, 709f
metastases to, 709, 710f
nodular disease of, 694–723
adenomas in, 697, 700f
carcinoma in, 698–708
ine-needle aspiration biopsy in, 709–710,
710t, 722
hyperplasia and goiter in, 695–697, 695f–699f
hyroid gland (Continued)
lymphoma in, 708–709, 709f, 1648
metastases in, 709, 710f
parathyroid adenomas confused with,
745–746
pathologic features of, 695–709
sonographic correlates of, 695–709
sonographic evaluation of, 695b
pediatric
cancer of, 1648, 1648b, 1649f
congenital lesions of, 1642–1643
cysts of, 1646, 1647f
dimensions of, normal, 1642t
dysgenesis of, 1642–1643
ectopic, 1642–1643, 1644f
follicular adenoma of, 1646–1648, 1647f
hemiagenesis of, 1642–1643, 1643f
hemorrhage in, 1646, 1647f
inlammatory disease of, 1643–1646,
1645f–1646f
isthmus of, 1640–1642
lobes of, normal thickness of, 1643t
masses of, 1646–1648, 1647f–1649f, 1648b
normal anatomy of, 1640–1642, 1642f,
1642t–1643t
pseudonodule of, 1646
pyramidal lobe of, 1640–1642
retrosternal, 1723
volume of, normal, 1643t
sonographic applications in, 710–720
for benign and malignant nodule
diferentiation, 696f–699f, 712–714,
712t
CEUS for, 692, 714–715
elastography for, 692, 714–715, 715f–716f
incidentally detected nodule and, 720–723,
722f–723f, 723b
needle biopsy guidance for, 715–720,
718f–719f, 721f
for thyroid mass detection, 710–712,
711f–712f
TIRADS for, 714
sonographic technique for, 691–692, 692f
vascularity of, 693, 694f
volume of, measuring, 692–693, 693f
hyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System
(TIRADS), 714
hyroid inferno, in Graves disease, 727, 727f
hyroiditis, 723b
acute suppurative, 723–724
chronic autoimmune lymphocytic, 724,
725f–727f
de Quervain, 1645
focal, pediatric, 1645
Hashimoto, 724, 725f–727f
fetal goiter and, 1159–1163
pediatric, 1645, 1646f
invasive ibrous, 727–728, 728f
painless (silent), 725–727
subacute granulomatous, 724, 724f
hyromegaly, fetal, 1159–1163
TI. See hermal index
TIA. See Transient ischemic attack
TIB. See hermal index for bone
Tibia, dislocation of, pediatric, 1934f
Tibial artery
anterior, 966
normal appearance of, 966–967
posterior, 966
sonographic technique for, 967
Tibial hemimelia, pediatric, 1933
Tibial tendons, posterior, injection of, 902, 903f
Tibial veins
anterior, 981, 981f
posterior, 981, 981f
Tibioperoneal trunk, 966, 981
Time gain compensation (TGC)
artifacts and settings of, 19–21
control of, 8–9, 8f
output control and, 50
Time-averaged mean of maximum (TAMM)
velocity, 1593, 1605–1606
Time-averaged peak velocity, 1593
“Tip of the iceberg” sign, 582–583
TIPS. See Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic
shunts
TIRADS. See hyroid Imaging Reporting and Data
System
TIS. See hermal index for sot tissue
Tissue harmonic imaging, 13, 13f–14f, 38, 61–62
Tissue heating
spatial focusing and, 35
temporal considerations in, 36, 36f
tissue type and, 36, 36f
Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA), 1622
Tissue vibration artifact, 973–974, 974f
T-lymphotropic virus, 1203–1204
TMPRSS2:ERG test, 396
Tobacco, fetal gastroschisis and, 1322–1323
Toe polydactyly, fetal, 1406f
Toes, sandal, 1406f, 1407
TOF. See Tetralogy of Fallot
Tongue, fetal, abnormally enlarged, 1153, 1153b,
1158f
TORCH infections, 1203–1204
neonatal/infant brain and, 1511, 1558
Torsion, testicular. See Testicular torsion
Torsion knot, 844, 845f
Toxemia, pediatric pregnancy and, 1884
Toxoplasmosis
fetal brain and, 1204
fetal hydrops from, 1432
prenatal, neonatal/infant brain and, 1558–1560
TPA. See Tissue plasminogen activator
Trabecula septomarginalis, moderator band of,
1274–1275
Trachea, fetal, CHAOS and, 1253
Tracheal webs, fetal, CHAOS and, 1253
Tracheoesophageal istula, fetal
CHAOS and, 1254–1255
esophageal atresia and, 1305
Transabdominal scanning, for placenta previa,
1469
Transabdominal sonography (TAS), for pelvis, 564
Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC),
970
Transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography
adult
functional, 1622
indications for, 1598–1623, 1598b
vasospasm and, 1608–1610, 1610t
for carotid artery examination, 948–950, 950f
pediatric
ACA collateral low evaluation and, 1610,
1611f
angle correction for, 1607
asphyxia and, 1614, 1616f
AVM detection with, 1614, 1615f
brain death and, 1618–1620, 1618b,
1619f–1620f
in cardiopulmonary bypass, 1621–1622
in CEA, 1621
cerebral edema and, 1614, 1617f
contrast enhancement for, 1597
ECMO monitoring with, 1622
equipment types for, 1591–1592
factors changing indices in, 1612t
foramen magnum approach for, 1592, 1595f
functional, 1622
headaches and, 1610–1611, 1612f
hydrocephalus and, 1611–1614, 1613f
hyperventilation therapy and, 1614