Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

1112 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal Sonography
120. Benoit B, Chaoui R. hree-dimensional ultrasound with maximal mode
rendering: a novel technique for the diagnosis of bilateral or unilateral
absence or hypoplasia of nasal bones in second-trimester screening for
Down syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2005;25(1):19-24.
121. Vos FI, De Jong-Pleij EA, Bakker M, et al. Nasal bone length, prenasal
thickness, prenasal thickness-to-nasal bone length ratio and prefrontal space
ratio in second- and third-trimester fetuses with Down syndrome. Ultrasound
Obstet Gynecol. 2015;45(2):211-216.
122. Dukhovny S, Wilkins-Haug L, Shipp TD, et al. Absent fetal nasal bone:
what does it mean for the euploid fetus? J Ultrasound Med. 2013;
32(12):2131-2134.
123. Lockwood C, Benacerraf B, Krinsky A, et al. A sonographic screening
method for Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1987;157(4 Pt 1):
803-808.
124. Benacerraf BR, Gelman R, Frigoletto Jr FD. Sonographic identiication of
second-trimester fetuses with Down’s syndrome. N Engl J Med. 1987;317(22):
1371-1376.
125. Benacerraf BR, Cnann A, Gelman R, et al. Can sonographers reliably identify
anatomic features associated with Down syndrome in fetuses? Radiology.
1989;173(2):377-380.
126. Nyberg DA, Resta RG, Hickok DE, et al. Femur length shortening in the
detection of Down syndrome: is prenatal screening feasible? Am J Obstet
Gynecol. 1990;162(5):1247-1252.
127. Shipp TD, Bromley B, Mascola M, Benacerraf B. Variation in fetal femur
length with respect to maternal race. J Ultrasound Med. 2001;20(2):
141-144.
128. FitzSimmons J, Droste S, Shepard TH, et al. Long-bone growth in fetuses
with Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1989;161(5):1174-1177.
129. Benacerraf BR, Neuberg D, Frigoletto Jr FD. Humeral shortening in secondtrimester
fetuses with Down syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1991;77(2):
223-227.
130. Benacerraf BR, Mandell J, Estrof JA, et al. Fetal pyelectasis: a possible
association with Down syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76(1):58-60.
131. Corteville JE, Dicke JM, Crane JP. Fetal pyelectasis and Down syndrome:
is genetic amniocentesis warranted? Obstet Gynecol. 1992;79(5 Pt
1):770-772.
132. Nyberg DA, Resta RG, Luthy DA, et al. Prenatal sonographic indings of
Down syndrome: review of 94 cases. Obstet Gynecol. 1990;76(3 Pt
1):370-377.
133. Bromley B, Doubilet P, Frigoletto Jr FD, et al. Is fetal hyperechoic bowel
on second-trimester sonogram an indication for amniocentesis? Obstet
Gynecol. 1994;83(5 Pt 1):647-651.
134. Dicke JM, Crane JP. Sonographically detected hyperechoic fetal bowel:
signiicance and implications for pregnancy management. Obstet Gynecol.
1992;80(5):778-782.
135. Nyberg DA, Resta RG, Mahony BS, et al. Fetal hyperechogenic bowel and
Down’s syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1993;3(5):330-333.
136. Scioscia AL, Pretorius DH, Budorick NE, et al. Second-trimester echogenic
bowel and chromosomal abnormalities. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167(4
Pt 1):889-894.
137. Sepulveda W, Sebire NJ. Fetal echogenic bowel: a complex scenario.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;16(6):510-514.
138. Roberts DJ, Genest D. Cardiac histologic pathology characteristic of trisomies
13 and 21. Hum Pathol. 1992;23(10):1130-1140.
139. Bromley B, Lieberman E, Laboda L, Benacerraf BR. Echogenic intracardiac
focus: a sonographic sign for fetal Down syndrome. Obstet Gynecol.
1995;86(6):998-1001.
140. Winter TC, Anderson AM, Cheng EY, et al. Echogenic intracardiac focus
in 2nd-trimester fetuses with trisomy 21: usefulness as a US marker. Radiology.
2000;216(2):450-456.
141. Shipp TD, Bromley B, Lieberman E, Benacerraf BR. he frequency of the
detection of fetal echogenic intracardiac foci with respect to maternal race.
Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2000;15(6):460-462.
142. Levine D, Mehta TS, Min KK, et al. Technical factors inluencing sonographic
visualization of fetal echogenic intracardiac foci. J Clin Ultrasound.
2000;28(9):479-484.
143. Winn VD, Sonson J, Filly RA. Echogenic intracardiac focus: potential for
misdiagnosis. J Ultrasound Med. 2003;22(11):1207-1214.
144. Paladini D, Sglavo G, Pastore G, et al. Aberrant right subclavian artery:
incidence and correlation with other markers of Down syndrome in secondtrimester
fetuses. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;39(2):191-195.
145. Scala C, Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Candiani M, et al. Aberrant right
subclavian artery in fetuses with Down syndrome: a systematic review and
meta-analysis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2015;46(3):266-276.
146. Rotmensch S, Liberati M, Bronshtein M, et al. Prenatal sonographic indings
in 187 fetuses with Down syndrome. Prenat Diagn. 1997;17(11):
1001-1009.
147. DeVore GR, Ali O. he use of color Doppler ultrasound to identify fetuses
at increased risk for trisomy 21: an alternative for high-risk patients who
decline genetic amniocentesis. Obstet Gynecol. 1995;85(3):378-386.
148. Abuhamad AZ, Kolm P, Mari G, et al. Ultrasonographic fetal iliac length
measurement in the screening for Down syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol.
1994;171(4):1063-1067.
149. Shipp TD, Bromley B, Lieberman E, Benacerraf BR. he iliac angle as a
sonographic marker for Down syndrome in second-trimester fetuses. Obstet
Gynecol. 1997;89(3):446-450.
150. Bahado-Singh RO, Wyse L, Dorr MA, et al. Fetuses with Down syndrome
have disproportionately shortened frontal lobe dimensions on ultrasonographic
examination. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992;167(4 Pt 1):1009-
1014.
151. Benacerraf BR, Harlow BL, Frigoletto Jr FD. Hypoplasia of the middle
phalanx of the ith digit. A feature of the second trimester fetus with Down’s
syndrome. J Ultrasound Med. 1990;9(7):389-394.
152. Shimizu T, Salvador L, Hughes-Benzie R, et al. he role of reduced ear size
in the prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities. Prenat Diagn.
1997;17(6):545-549.
153. Lettieri L, Rodis JF, Vintzileos AM, et al. Ear length in second-trimester
aneuploid fetuses. Obstet Gynecol. 1993;81(1):57-60.
154. Gill P, Vanhook J, Fitzsimmons J, et al. Fetal ear measurements in the prenatal
detection of trisomy 21. Prenat Diagn. 1994;14(8):739-743.
155. Gupta JK, Cave M, Lilford RJ, et al. Clinical signiicance of fetal choroid
plexus cysts. Lancet. 1995;346(8977):724-729.
156. Bromley B, Lieberman R, Benacerraf BR. Choroid plexus cysts: not associated
with Down syndrome. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 1996;8(4):232-235.
157. Benacerraf BR, Neuberg D, Bromley B, Frigoletto Jr FD. Sonographic scoring
index for prenatal detection of chromosomal abnormalities. J Ultrasound
Med. 1992;11(9):449-458.
158. Benacerraf BR, Nadel A, Bromley B. Identiication of second-trimester
fetuses with autosomal trisomy by use of a sonographic scoring index.
Radiology. 1994;193(1):135-140.
159. Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Guzman ER, et al. Second-trimester ultrasound
markers for detection of trisomy 21: which markers are best? Obstet Gynecol.
1997;89(6):941-944.
160. Bahado-Singh RO, Oz AU, Kovanci E, et al. New Down syndrome screening
algorithm: ultrasonographic biometry and multiple serum markers combined
with maternal age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;179(6 Pt 1):1627-
1631.
161. Bahado-Singh RO, Deren O, Tan A, et al. Ultrasonographically adjusted
midtrimester risk of trisomy 21 and signiicant chromosomal defects in
advanced maternal age. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1996;175(6):1563-1568.
162. Nyberg DA, Luthy DA, Resta RG, et al. Age-adjusted ultrasound risk
assessment for fetal Down’s syndrome during the second trimester: description
of the method and analysis of 142 cases. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.
1998;12(1):8-14.
163. Vintzileos AM, Campbell WA, Rodis JF, et al. he use of second-trimester
genetic sonogram in guiding clinical management of patients at increased
risk for fetal trisomy 21. Obstet Gynecol. 1996;87(6):948-952.
164. Aagaard-Tillery KM, Malone FD, Nyberg DA, et al. Role of second-trimester
genetic sonography ater Down syndrome screening. Obstet Gynecol.
2009;114(6):1189-1196.
165. Nyberg DA, Luthy DA, Cheng EY, et al. Role of prenatal ultrasonography
in women with positive screen for Down syndrome on the basis of maternal
serum markers. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;173(4):1030-1035.
166. Vintzileos AM, Guzman ER, Smulian JC, et al. Choice of second-trimester
genetic sonogram for detection of trisomy 21. Obstet Gynecol.
1997;90(2):187-190.