Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

Index I-47
Pleural efusions
fetal, 1256–1258, 1257f
hydrops and, 1413–1416, 1417f, 1425
lung size and, 1244
primary, 1256
secondary, 1256
pediatric
drainage of, ultrasound-guided, 1724–1725
sonographic signs of, 1702–1711, 1704f–1708f
Pleural luid, pediatric
aspiration of, ultrasound-guided, 1724–1725,
1726f
through hepatic window, 1707f
pneumonia with small amount of, 1706f
septated, 1702, 1708f
sonogram compared to CT scan for, 1709,
1711f
sonographic signs of
bare area sign in, 1709, 1709f
color Doppler ultrasound signal in, 1709,
1710f
diaphragm sign in, 1709
displaced-crus sign in, 1709
free movement in, with respiration, 1709,
1709f
septations in, 1709
sonographic signs of, 1709, 1709b
through splenic window, 1707f
Pleuropulmonary blastoma, 1252–1253
Plexiform neuroibroma, in intraoperative
procedures, 1621f
Plicae palmatae, 533, 535f
PMPI. See Power modulation pulse inversion
Pneumatosis intestinalis
in acute abdomen, 277–281
in gastrointestinal tract, 297–299, 299f
pediatric, sonography for, 1854–1855
Pneumobilia
biliary tree and, 175–176, 176f
ater liver transplantation, 625, 1767–1768,
1769f–1770f
Pneumocystis carinii, hepatic opportunistic
infection by, 91, 91f
Pneumonia, pediatric, 1711–1714
air bronchograms from, 1702, 1703f, 1708f
chest radiograph compared to ultrasound for,
1712–1714, 1715f
on chest ultrasound, 1703f
empyema from, 1707f
round, 1711–1712, 1715f
with small amount of pleural luid, 1706f
Pneumoperitoneum, 524–526, 525f
Pneumothoraces, sonographic detection of,
1725–1726
Poland syndrome, ribs in, 1382–1384
Polar arteries, 445–446
Polycystic kidney disease, 359–361
autosomal dominant, 83, 243, 361, 362f
pediatric, 1814–1815, 1815f
autosomal recessive, 359, 361f, 1799
pediatric, 1812–1813, 1814f
congenital hepatic ibrosis and, 1757–1759,
1762f
fetal pancreatic cysts and, 1320
Polycystic ovarian disease, pediatric, 1877–1878,
1879f
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), 573–574,
574f
Polycythemia, dural sinus thrombosis from,
1205–1206
Polydactyly
deinition of, 1399
fetal, 1405–1406
postaxial, in trisomy 13, 1104, 1105f
Polydactyly (Continued)
short-rib, syndromes associated with, 1382,
1383f, 1395–1396, 1397f
toe, fetal, 1406f
Polyhydramnios
anorectal malformations and, 1311–1312
cervical assessment in, 1505
diagnostic signiicance of, 1340–1341
esophageal atresia and, 1305–1306
fetal hydrops and, 1418, 1420f, 1432–1433
jejunoileal atresia and, 1310
in lethal skeletal dysplasias, 1386
meconium peritonitis and, 1313
with mesoblastic nephroma, 1352–1353
in trisomy 18, 1104
Polymicrogyria, 1196, 1198f
Polyorchidism, 838–839, 841f
pediatric, 1891
Polypoid intraluminal tumors, 261–264, 263f
Polyps
endometrial, 544, 548, 549f
tamoxifen and, 544–545
intussusception and, 1844–1845
urethral, posterior, pediatric, bladder outlet
obstruction from, 1906, 1906f
Polysplenia, 159–161
in cardiosplenic syndrome, 1292, 1293b
fetal, 1320
univentricular heart with, 1287–1288
Polysplenia syndrome
biliary atresia in, 1737, 1738f
Doppler evaluation of liver transplant recipient
with, 1764–1766
Polyvinyl chloride, 123
Pontocerebellar hypoplasia, 1190
Pontocerebellar syndrome, vermian dysplasia with,
1191
Popliteal artery, 966
aneurysms of, 972f
normal appearance of, 966–967
occlusion of, 968f
Popliteal cysts, pediatric, 1939
Popliteal vein
normal anatomy of, 980–981, 981f
ultrasound examination of, 982–983
Porcelain gallbladder, 202, 202f
Porencephalic cysts, neonatal/infant brain and,
1537, 1565
Porencephaly
from germinal matrix hemorrhage, 1541
HPE diferentiated from, 1189
from intraparenchymal hemorrhage, 1547, 1548f
Porta hepatis, 77, 79f
Portal hypertension
duplex Doppler sonography in, 98
intrahepatic, from cirrhosis, 96
let sided, splenic vein thrombosis from, in
chronic pancreatitis, 232–233, 234f–235f
liver vascular abnormalities and, 96–98, 96f–97f
portosystemic venous collaterals in, 96–98, 96f
presinusoidal, 96
splenomegaly and, 145, 147f
Portal hypertension, pediatric, 1756–1757
backward-low theory of, 1760–1761
Doppler assessment of
abnormal low patterns in, 1754–1756
abnormal hepatic arterial Doppler patterns in,
1755–1756
absent Doppler signal in, 1754, 1754b
arterialized low patterns in, 1754
hepatofugal low in, 1757
intrahepatic portal hypertension and,
1759–1762
in liver disease, 1752–1754, 1754f–1755f
Portal hypertension, pediatric (Continued)
of normal low patterns in splanchnic vessels,
1750
paraumbilical veins low direction in, 1757,
1758f
pelvic varices in, 1760f
possibilities and pitfalls of, 1750
in prehepatic portal hypertension, 1757–1759
reversed low in, 1754–1755
sonographic technique for, 1750–1752
splenorenal shunts in, 1757, 1759f
in suprahepatic (posthepatic) portal
hypertension, 1762–1764, 1763f
surgical portosystemic shunts and, 1764
to-and-fro low in, 1754–1755, 1755f
Doppler ultrasound assessment of, 1748–1764
basic principles of, 1748–1750
forward-low theory of, 1760–1761
thickened lesser omentum and, 1756, 1756f
Portal triad, 78
Portal vein(s)
anastomosis of, for liver transplantation, 624
aneurysms of, 103–104
ater liver transplantation, 1768,
1769f–1770f
anomalies of, 81
cavernous transformation of, 98, 99f
clots in, in acute pancreatitis, 224–225, 228f
fetal liver calciications and, 1316–1318
let, Doppler studies of, best approach for, 1752
liver circulation and, 78
main, Doppler studies of, best approach for,
1752
normal, 76, 77t, 78f
pediatric
anatomy of, 1731–1734, 1732f
cavernous transformation of, in prehepatic
portal hypertension, 1757, 1761f
low direction through, meals and, 1750
let, branches of, 1734
let, Doppler studies of, 1750
right, branches of, 1733f, 1734
thrombosis of, 1757, 1757b
pseudostenosis of, 636
stenosis of, ater liver transplantation, 635–636,
638f, 1766, 1768f
thrombosis of, 98, 99f–100f
chronic pancreatitis and, 232–233, 235f
from HCC, 120, 121f
ater liver transplantation, 635–636, 639f–640f,
1766
malignant, 98, 99f
pediatric, 1757, 1757b
Portosystemic shunts
intrahepatic, 104, 1761–1762
liver and, 130–132
in portal hypertension, 1757
portocaval, patency of, Doppler assessment of,
1764
surgical, 1764
total or partial, 1764
transjugular intrahepatic, 131–132, 132b,
132f–133f, 1764
Portosystemic venous collaterals, in portal
hypertension, 96–98, 96f
spontaneous routes of, 1752, 1754f
Port-wine stains, 1679
Postablation tubal sterilization syndrome, 551–552
Postaxial polydactyly, fetal, 1405–1406
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA), as transtemporal
approach landmark, 1592, 1593f–1594f
Posterior fossa. See also Cerebellum
abnormalities of, 1192
hemorrhage of, 1548–1550
Volume I pp 1–1014 • Volume II pp 1015–1968