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1214 PART IV Obstetric and Fetal Sonography

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171. Robinson AJ, Blaser S, Toi A, et al. he fetal cerebellar vermis: assessment

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175. Parisi MA, Dobyns WB. Human malformations of the midbrain and

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176. Volpe P, Muto B, Passamonti U, et al. Abnormal sonographic appearance

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177. Chapman T, Mahalingam S, Ishak GE, et al. Diagnostic imaging of posterior

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178. Babcook CJ, Chong BW, Salamat MS, et al. Sonographic anatomy of the

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179. Pilu G, Hobbins JC. Sonography of fetal cerebrospinal anomalies. Prenat

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181. Malinger G, Ginath S, Lerman-Sagie T, et al. he fetal cerebellar vermis:

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182. Pasquier L, Marcorelles P, Loget P, et al. Rhombencephalosynapsis and

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183. Poretti A, Leventer RJ, Cowan FM, et al. Cerebellar clet: a form of prenatal

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184. Boltshauser E, Martin F, Altermatt S. Outcome in children with spaceoccupying

posterior fossa arachnoid cysts. Neuropediatrics. 2002;33(3):

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185. Hayward R. Postnatal management and outcome for fetal-diagnosed intracerebral

cystic masses and tumours. Prenat Diagn. 2009;29(4):396-401.

186. de Wit MC, Lequin MH, de Coo IF, et al. Cortical brain malformations:

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187. Montenegro MA, Guerreiro MM, Lopes-Cendes I, et al. Interrelationship

of genetics and prenatal injury in the genesis of malformations of cortical

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188. Toi A, Chitayat D, Blaser S. Abnormalities of the foetal cerebral cortex.

Prenat Diagn. 2009;29(4):355-371.

189. Wang DC, Shannon P, Toi A, et al. Temporal lobe dysplasia: a characteristic

sonographic inding in thanatophoric dysplasia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol.

2014;44(5):588-594.

190. Mirzaa GM, Paciorkowski AR. Introduction: brain malformations. Am J

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191. Raybaud C, Widjaja E. Development and dysgenesis of the cerebral cortex:

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192. Malinger G, Kidron D, Schreiber L, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of malformations

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193. Malinger G, Lev D, Lerman-Sagie T. Assessment of fetal intracranial

pathologies irst demonstrated late in pregnancy: cell proliferation disorders.

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194. De Catte L, De Keersmaeker B, Claus F. Prenatal neurologic anomalies:

sonographic diagnosis and treatment. Paediatr Drugs. 2012;14(3):

143-155.

195. Guerrini R, Dobyns WB. Malformations of cortical development: clinical

features and genetic causes. Lancet Neurol. 2014;13(7):710-726.

196. Barkovich AJ, Kuzniecky RI, Jackson GD, et al. A developmental and genetic

classiication for malformations of cortical development. Neurology.

2005;65(12):1873-1887.

197. Soares de Olivera-Szejnfeld P, Levine D, Melo AS, et al. Congenital brain

abnormalities and Zika virus: what the radiologist can expect to see prenatally

and postnatally. Radiology. 2016;281(1):203-218.

198. Abuelo D. Microcephaly syndromes. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2007;14(3):

118-127.

199. Schwarzler P, Homfray T, Bernard JP, et al. Late onset microcephaly: failure

of prenatal diagnosis. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2003;22(6):640-642.

200. Almgren M, Schalling M, Lavebratt C. Idiopathic megalencephaly—possible

cause and treatment opportunities: from patient to lab. Eur J Paediatr Neurol.

2008;12(6):438-445.

201. Malinger G, Lev D, Ben-Sira L, et al. Can syndromic macrocephaly be

diagnosed in utero? Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2011;37(1):72-81.

202. Williams CA, Dagli A, Battaglia A. Genetic disorders associated with

macrocephaly. Am J Med Genet A. 2008;146A(15):2023-2037.

203. Olney AH. Macrocephaly syndromes. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2007;14(3):

128-135.

204. Flores-Sarnat L. Hemimegalencephaly: part 1. Genetic, clinical, and imaging

aspects. J Child Neurol. 2002;17(5):373-384.

205. Andrade CS, Leite Cda C. Malformations of cortical development: current

concepts and advanced neuroimaging review. Arq Neuropsiquiatr.

2011;69(1):130-138.

206. Flores-Sarnat L. Hemimegalencephaly syndrome. Handb Clin Neurol.

2008;87:153-176.

207. Tinkle BT, Schorry EK, Franz DN, et al. Epidemiology of hemimegalencephaly:

a case series and review. Am J Med Genet A. 2005;139(3):

204-211.

208. Fry AE, Cushion TD, Pilz DT. he genetics of lissencephaly. Am J Med

Genet C Semin Med Genet. 2014;166C(2):198-210.

209. Lacalm A, Nadaud B, Massoud M, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of cobblestone

lissencephaly associated with Walker-Warburg syndrome based on a

speciic sonographic pattern. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2016;47(1):

117-122.

210. Stutterd CA, Leventer RJ. Polymicrogyria: a common and heterogeneous

malformation of cortical development. Am J Med Genet C Semin Med

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211. Blondiaux E, Sileo C, Nahama-Allouche C, et al. Periventricular nodular

heterotopia on prenatal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging.

Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2013;42(2):149-155.

212. Denis D, Chateil JF, Brun M, et al. Schizencephaly: clinical and imaging

features in 30 infantile cases. Brain Dev. 2000;22(8):475-483.

213. Denis D, Maugey-Laulom B, Carles D, et al. Prenatal diagnosis of schizencephaly

by fetal magnetic resonance imaging. Fetal Diagn her. 2001;16(6):

354-359.

214. Nissenkorn A, Michelson M, Ben-Zeev B, Lerman-Sagie T. Inborn errors

of metabolism: a cause of abnormal brain development. Neurology.

2001;56(10):1265-1272.

215. Spronsen FJ, Smit GP, Erwich JJ. Inherited metabolic diseases and pregnancy.

BJOG. 2005;112(1):2-11.

216. Strenge S, Froster UG, Wanders RJ, et al. First-trimester increased nuchal

translucency as a prenatal sign of Zellweger syndrome. Prenat Diagn.

2004;24(2):151-153.

217. Wortmann SB, Reimer A, Creemers JW, Mullaart RA. Prenatal diagnosis

of cerebral lesions in tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Case report and

review of the literature. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2008;12(2):123-126.

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219. Levine D, Barnes P, Korf B, Edelman R. Tuberous sclerosis in the fetus:

second-trimester diagnosis of subependymal tubers with ultrafast MR

imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2000;175(4):1067-1069.

220. Santo S, D’Antonio F, Homfray T, et al. Counseling in fetal medicine:

agenesis of the corpus callosum. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2012;40(5):

513-521.

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