Diagnostic ultrasound ( PDFDrive )

I-30 Index
Holoprosencephaly (HPE) (Continued) Hydatidiform molar pregnancy (Continued) Hydrops, fetal (Continued)
neonatal/infant, 1534–1535, 1534b, 1536f
pancake type of, 1187–1189
classiication of, 1187b
corpus callosum agenesis and, 1526–1528
factors associated with, 1187b
fetal brain and, 1186–1189, 1187b, 1188f, 1189b
fetal facial changes associated with, 1189, 1189b
hypotelorism and, 1140
lobar, 1187–1189
classiication of, 1187b
neonatal/infant, 1535
microforms of, 1187
midline interhemispheric form of, 1187, 1189
classiication of, 1187b
neonatal/infant, 1535–1536
neonatal/infant, 1532–1536
alobar, 1534–1535, 1534b, 1536f
classiication of, 1534f
lobar, 1535
midline interhemispheric form of, 1535–1536
semilobar, 1535
semilobar, 1187–1189, 1188f
classiication of, 1187b
neonatal/infant, 1535
thickened NT and, 1096f
in trisomy 13, 1104, 1105f
Holosystolic valvular insuiciency, in AVSD,
1285–1286
Holt-Oram syndrome, 1401
Homozygous Achondroplasia, thanatophoric
dysplasia diferentiated from, 1389, 1389f
Hormonal states, decreased, primary amenorrhea
in, 1887
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), 529
endometrium abnormalities ater menopause
and, 544–545, 544b, 545f
Hormonogenesis, disorders of, thyroid hyperplasia
from, 695
Horseshoe kidneys, 159–160, 318, 319f
fetal, 1345–1346, 1345f
with megalourethra, 1362
pediatric, 1784, 1785f
Hourglass gallbladder, 202, 205f
HPE. See Holoprosencephaly
HPS. See Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
HRT. See Hormone replacement therapy
Human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), 1049,
1884–1885
concentration of, in trisomy 21, 1089–1090
ectopic pregnancy and, 1071
free, 1089–1090
gestational sac and, 1056–1057
normal ultrasound appearance of, 1055–1057,
1057b
Human immunodeiciency virus (HIV), 331
chronic parotitis in children with, 1635, 1636f
fetal brain and, 1203–1204
nephropathy associated with, 332–333, 333f
Humerus length, in trisomy 21, 1101
HUS. See Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
Hutch diverticula, 310
Hydatid abscesses, 613
Hydatid cysts
in Echinococcosis, 1748
renal, 331, 332f
splenic, 147, 150f
Hydatid disease, hepatic, 88–90, 89f–90f
Hydatid sand, 88–89
Hydatidiform molar pregnancy, 1078–1080.
See also Persistent trophoblastic
neoplasia
coexistent normal fetus and, 1078–1080, 1081f
complete, 1078, 1079f
partial, 1078, 1080f
pediatric, 1884, 1884f
PTN ater, 1080, 1081f
vaginal bleeding and, 1078
Hydranencephaly
fetal, 1208, 1208f
neonatal/infant, 1538, 1538f
Hydrocele(s), scrotal, 834–836, 835f
fetal, 1367
in fetal hydrops, 1413, 1416f
pediatric, 1899, 1902, 1902f
Hydrocephalus, 1681
communicating, 1177–1178
extraventricular obstructive, 1538
fetal brain and, 1174–1178
from germinal matrix hemorrhage, 1541
HPE diferentiated from, 1189
hydranencephaly diferentiated from, 1208
intraventricular obstructive, 1538
in neonatal/infant, duplex Doppler sonography
and, 1581–1583, 1584f
neonatal/infant brain and, 1538–1541
causes of, 1540b
cerebrospinal luid production and circulation
and, 1538–1541
intraventricular hemorrhage with, 1545–1547,
1546f–1547f
obstructive, 1177–1178
in Dandy-Walker malformation, 1529–1530
pediatric, TCD sonography in monitoring of,
1611–1614, 1613f
postmeningitis, 1887
in trisomy 18, 1103
VM diferentiated from, 1611–1612
X-linked, 1177
Hydrocephalus ex vacuo, 1177–1178
Hydrocolpos
fetal, 1368
pediatric, 1881, 1882f
Hydrometra, 546, 547f
Hydrometrocolpos, 546–547
cloacal malformation and, 1363
pediatric, 1881
Hydromyelia
in myelocystocele, 1233
pediatric, 1688
Hydronephrosis
causes of, 316, 317b
deinition of, 1354
fetal
degree of, risk of postnatal pathology by,
1355, 1356t
in duplication anomalies, 1359–1360, 1359f,
1360b
grading system for, 1354, 1355f
from UPJ obstruction, 1358, 1358f
VUR and, 1360
genitourinary tract obstruction and, 316, 317b
pediatric, causes of, 1785–1791
bladder exstrophy and, 1791, 1791f
bladder outlet obstruction and, 1788,
1789f–1790f
MMIHS and, 1788–1791
prune belly syndrome and, 1788
UPJ obstruction and, 1786, 1787f
urachal anomalies and, 1791, 1792f–1793f
ureteral obstruction and, 1786–1788, 1787f
VUR and, 1788, 1790f
in pregnancy, 316
Hydrops, fetal
adrenal glands and, 1353–1354
AVSD associated with, 1285–1286
in CHD, 1270
chorioangioma management and, 1476
from CMV, 1204
CPAM and development of, 1248–1249, 1426,
1427f
delivery and, 1436
diagnostic approach to, 1432–1435
fetal investigations in, 1433–1435
history in, 1432
maternal investigations in, 1433
obstetric sonography in, 1432–1433
postnatal investigations in, 1435
workshop for, summary of, 1433t
etiology of, 1418–1419, 1421f
immune, 1419–1423
deinition of, 1413
noninvasive assessment of alloimmunization
for, 1421–1423, 1421b, 1422f, 1422t
RhoGAM and, 1418
maternal complications in, 1436
nonimmune, 1423–1432
anemia and, 1431
arrhythmias and, 1424, 1425f
cardiac tumors and, 1424
cardiovascular causes of, 1423–1425, 1424f
causes and associations of, 1412, 1414t
chromosomal abnormalities and, 1429–1430,
1430f
deinition of, 1413
drugs and, 1432
endocrine disorders and, 1432
fetal welfare assessment in, 1435
gastrointestinal tract anomalies and,
1427–1428, 1428f
genetic disorders and, 1432
idiopathic disorders and, 1432
infection and, 1431–1432, 1431f
lymphatic dysplasia and, 1428, 1436f
metabolic disorders and, 1432
mortality rate in, 1435
neck abnormalities and, 1425, 1426f
pathophysiology of, 1423, 1423f
skeletal dysplasia and, 1432
thoracic anomalies and, 1425–1427,
1427f
tumors and, 1430–1431
twins and, 1429, 1429f
urinary tract anomalies and, 1428, 1429f
obstetric prognosis in, 1435–1437
postnatal outcome of, 1437
predelivery aspiration procedures in, 1437
in sacrococcygeal teratoma, 1238–1239
sonographic features of, 1413–1418
ascites and, 1413, 1415f–1416f
pericardial efusion and, 1416, 1418f
placentomegaly and, 1418, 1420f
pleural efusions and, 1413–1416, 1417f, 1425
polyhydramnios and, 1418, 1420f, 1432–1433
subcutaneous edema and, 1417, 1419f–1420f
thick placenta in, 1466, 1467f
Hydrops tubae proluens, 589
Hydrosalpinx, 573
of fallopian tubes, 585–587, 587f
PID and, 1885
Hydrosonourethrography, 1872
Hydrosonovaginography, 1870–1871, 1871f
Hydrostatic reduction, of intussusception,
ultrasound-guided, 1844–1845
Hydrothorax, fetal, hydrops from, 1425–1426
Hygromas. See Cystic hygroma(s)
Hymen, imperforate, hematometrocolpos form,
546–547, 546f
Hypercalcemia
familial hypocalciuric, 734
medullary nephrocalcinosis and, 1798
Hypercalciuria, medullary nephrocalcinosis and,
1798
Hyperechogenic kidneys, 1351–1352, 1352f
Hyperechoic caudate nuclei, neonatal/infant brain
and, 1557, 1557f