23.7. 1993 Vitoria-Gasteiz / Spain - World Federation of Music Therapy

Music Function:
To focus attention and/or structure exercise (tempo,
repetition, duration, force, or fluidity).
Therapeutic Objectives:
• Reduction of pain from physical movement or muscle
contractures.
• Increased joint motility.
• Increased motor abilities (duration, strength,
coordination).
• Shortened labor in childbirth.
• Increased respiration ability (capacity, strength).
Diagnoses:
• Childbirth - Music used during pregnancy to
structure Lamaze exercises and to reinforce focusing of
attention (Clark, et al., 1981). Used in labor and delivery
to focus attention, to structure breathing, and to reduce
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pain perception (Codding, 1982; Hanser, et al., 1983;
McDowell, 1966; Sammons, 1984; Winokur, 1984).
Selected music used at birth to enhance joy in the event
(Clark, et al., 1981). Music and prescribed exercises
used after birth to reduce pain from contractures and to
help uterus return to normal size while rehabilitating
abdominal muscles (Brook, 1984; Burt & Korn, 1964).
• Chronic Pain - Music paired with appropriate
exercises for involved muscles (Cofrancesco, 1985;
Staum, 1983; Wolfe, 1978).
• Respiratory Deficiencies - Music used to structure
deep breathing exercises or therapeutic coughing to
relieve congestion (singing, pianica, harmonica) used to
structure breathing and enhance lung capacity
(Behrens, 1982).
• Patients Prescribed for Physical Therapy (PT) -
Music used to structure PT regimen for stroke, burn,
orthopedic, cerebral palsied, and paralyzed persons