23.7. 1993 Vitoria-Gasteiz / Spain - World Federation of Music Therapy

• Self-Report: Ratings of pleasure or feelings of well
being.
Procedure:
Use variety of age appropriate activities that maximize
time in music. Match types of activities to areas in which
they are conducted, i.e., quieter activities in areas for
the seriously ill.
Combine focused listening and participation activities to
reduce fatigue.
Perform live music for audience pleasure, taking
requests if possible.
Invite patients, visitors, staff, volunteers, etc., to
participate.
Feature medical personnel and staff in music "solos,"
such as playing the kazoo or spoons or leading group
singing.
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End session with relaxation/guided imagery to music to
reduce discomfort and prepare patients for rest.
Suggest patients try similar techniques at night when
falling asleep.
Reinforce pleasure responses, "non-sick"
verbalizations, music participation, spontaneous
contributions to musical activities, and musical talent of
participants.
References
Ammon, K. (1968). The effects of music on children in
respiratory distress. American Nurses' Association
Clinical Sessions,127-133.
Bailey, L. M. (1983). The effects of live music versus
tape-recorded music on hospitalized cancer patients.
Music Therapy, 3(1), 17-28.
Barker, L. (1991). The use of music and relaxation