23.7. 1993 Vitoria-Gasteiz / Spain - World Federation of Music Therapy

deprivation in sterile environments.
Diagnoses:
• Comatose or brain damaged patients/stroke
victims/premature neonates - Music used to elicit
physiological and overt responses which are then
increased through reinforcement (Grundy, 1989).
• Patients in sterile environments (such as burn
victims, organ transplant patients and those with
contagious diseases) or long term hospitalization -
Music used to reduce depression or anxiety due to
deprivation and to increase patient awareness and
pleasure (Barker, 1991).
• Muscle contractures - Music combined with
vibroacoustic stimulation (Skille et al., 1989) or with
electroacupuncture (Jing, et al., 1991) for relaxation and
pain relief.
Documentation:
654
Record one or more of the following:
• Physiological: Vasoconstriction (plethysmograph),
respiration rate, pulse, blood pressure.
• Behaviorally Observed: Overt gross or fine motor
responses such as sucking, eye blinks, head
movement, mouth movements; auditory responses;
pleasure responses, such as smiling; positive
verbalizations.
• Self-Report: Ratings of depression/anxiety.
Procedure:
For elicitation of response:
Use patient's preferred music, which might be
ascertained through family interviews. With infants,
lullabies are traditional and effective.
Use pillow speaker so that music source may be moved
in space for maximum stimulation.