23.7. 1993 Vitoria-Gasteiz / Spain - World Federation of Music Therapy

(Barker, 1991; Cofrancesco, 1985; Staum, 1992).
• Gait Disturbances - Music paired with walking and
gait training to increase duration and to improve gait
length, width, and rhythm (Staum, 1983).
Documentation:
Record one or more of the following:
• Physiological: Amount of analgesic medication
used, electromyographic (EMG) muscle response,
exhalation strength (spirometer), degrees of movement
in joints (goniometer).
• Behaviorally Observed: Frequency and duration
of exercises, pain-free verbalizations; length of labor in
childbirth; overt pain responses; walking distance; gait
length, width, and/or duration.
• Self-Report: Ratings of improvement, ratings of
pain, personal log of exercises completed.
Procedure:
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Select exercises appropriate to diagnosis or as
prescribed by a physician or physical therapist.
Evaluate patient's baseline capacity for exercise in
terms of speed, duration, repetitions, etc.
Select style of music which matches above traits and
also desired kind of motor movement (i.e., disco music
for forceful movements, waltz music for fluid
movements).
Model appropriate movements and teach patient to
match them to music.
Change music in successive approximations as patient
progresses. In this category, patient's music preference
is important but is secondary to the music's properties
for matching the desired exercise.
Teach focusing (if exercise routine requires it) by
pointing out musical elements for which the patient
might listen.