Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO.pdf - Program on Strategic ...

years. Signs of progress include the entry into force
of the New START Treaty, the successful 2010 NPT
Review Conference, <strong>and</strong> statements by the Russian
<strong>and</strong> U.S. Presidents in support of a world free of nuclear
weapons. In spite of these encouraging signs,
however, the prospects for successful arms control in
Europe are looking rather dim. The CFE Treaty was
suspended by Russia in December 2007 <strong>and</strong> is likely
to lapse completely in the near future. Despite several
attempts to resolve the deadlock, a solution has not
yet been found. The CFE Review Conference in September
2011 did not bring any progress. Following its
negotiation in 1989, the CFE Treaty made a historic
contribution to the establishment of a safe <strong>and</strong> peaceful
milieu in Central <strong>and</strong> Eastern Europe. It helped to
frame the unification of Germany, the dissolution of
the Warsaw Pact, <strong>and</strong> the fall of the Soviet Union. 32
A new basic framework has not yet been found. Sufficiency
instead of parity, a mechanism for addressing
sub-regional disparities, <strong>and</strong> preservation of rules for
verifiable transparency, are vital desiderata for a new
treaty that provides important sources of predictability
<strong>and</strong> reliability in Europe.
Russia links further progress in arms control to reductions
of the imbalances of conventional forces <strong>and</strong>
other armaments. Moscow is worried about the buildup
of ballistic missile defense capabilities in Europe,
the U.S. investment in precision-guided long-range
carrier-based systems, <strong>and</strong> the use of outer-space
for conventional warfare, which could undermine
Russia´s nuclear deterrent in the future. Prompt Global
Strike (PGS) is a U.S. program to enable accurate
strike options against high-value targets worldwide
within 1 hour. Some new U.S. long-range delivery
systems with high accuracy for preventive strike are
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