Tactical Nuclear Weapons and NATO.pdf - Program on Strategic ...

<strong>and</strong> Steven Pifer et al., “U.S. <strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>and</strong> Extended Deterrence:
Considerations <strong>and</strong> Challenges,” Brookings Arms Control Series
No. 3, Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, May 2010.
6. John Lewis Gaddis, The Long Peace: Inquiries into the History
of the Cold War, Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1989.
7. With two notable exceptions, of course: Great Britain <strong>and</strong>
France. For the rationale behind that decision, see Thomas Devine,
“Extended Deterrence <strong>and</strong> <strong>Nuclear</strong> Nonproliferation: Lessons
from European <strong>and</strong> East Asian Regimes Applied to the Middle
East,” Collection of Papers from the 2011 <strong>Nuclear</strong> Scholars Initiative,
<strong>Nuclear</strong> Scholars Initiative: Project on <strong>Nuclear</strong> Issues, Washington,
DC: Center for Strategic <strong>and</strong> International Studies, December
2011, pp. 33-43.
8. Officially the “Treaty of Mutual Cooperation <strong>and</strong> Security
between Japan <strong>and</strong> the United States of America,” signed January
1960, available from www.mofa.go.jp/region/n-america/us/q&a/
ref/1.html.
9. According to news reports, the Secretary of State told the
Japanese Foreign Minister that “Japan is a treaty ally of the United
States, <strong>and</strong> . . . reaffirmed the U.S. commitment to the defense of
Japan, including nuclear deterrents.” Jim Garamone, “Secretary
of State Clinton Meets Japanese Leaders on First Leg of Asian
Tour,” Military News, February 18, 2009.
10. “The Withdrawal of U.S. <strong>Nuclear</strong> <strong>Weapons</strong> from South
Korea,” The <strong>Nuclear</strong> Information Project, available from www.
nukestrat.com/korea/withdrawal.htm.
11. For further examination of the development of the NPR,
see David Hoffman, “Obama’s Atomic Choices: Inside the Making
of U.S. <strong>Nuclear</strong> Policy,” Foreign Policy online, April 28, 2010.
12. Department of Defense, <strong>Nuclear</strong> Posture Review Report
(NPR), April 2010, p. vii.
13. Ibid., pp. viii-ix.
14. Ibid., p. iii.
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