28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

The paper examined three sets of large-scale science tests, international and statewide, to validate
a theoretical framework for defining science achievement. We proposed that science achievement
can be distinguished as four interdependent types of knowledge: declarative (knowing that),
procedural (knowing how), schematic (knowing why), and strategic (knowing about knowing)
knowledge. All the test items were analyzed logically as to their demands on knowledge and
accordingly their links to the knowledge types. Then, the knowledge-item links were empirically
validated by factor analyses and compared against alternative models. Implications of this
knowledge framework and issues about developing test items were also discussed.
4127.6 A study on relationship among intelligence, learning-attitude and
mathematics-achievement of pupils and high school students, Hongyu Li 1 , Yisu He 2 , Xianyong
Huang 1 , Hongxin Yin 1 , Yuan Li 1 , 1 Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin, China; 2 Tianjin Physical
Education College, Tianjin, China
We examined the relationship among intelligence, learning-aptitude and mathematics-achievement
of pupils and high school students. The findings are as follows: 1) the mathematics achievement
dramatically influenced not only by intelligence but also by interest for math among pupils. 2) the
pupil's mathematics achievement can be highly improved by personal interest, situational interest,
meaningfulness self-involvement. 3) the High School Student's mathematics achievement is not
effected by intelligence, but is dramatically affected by the attitude for math-learning, enjoyment
of mathematics, motivation in mathematics and the fear of mathematics.
4127.7 The effects of television on children’s cognitive skills, Rei Omi 1 , Akira Sakamoto 1 ,
Hiroshi Hattori 2 , 1 Ochanomizu Univ., Japan; 2 Japan Broadcasting Corporation Broadcasting
Culture Research Institute
In order to explore the effects of television on children's cognitive skills, we conducted a research.
The subjects are more than one hundred Japanese fifth grade students. We measured both the
amount of television viewing and some aspects of cognitive skills of children, and analyzed the
impact of television viewing on cognitive skills. The results showed that television viewing
improved children's spatial skill but lessened language skill. Therefore, this study suggested that
television viewing had different effects on children's cognitive skills depending on aspects of
cognitive skills.
4127.8 How important is attention function to operate computer by the people with mental
retardation, Alex W. K. Wong 1 , Chetwyn C. H. Chan 1 , Cecilia W. P. Li-Tsang 1 , S. Lam
Chow 2 , 1 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; 2 Illinois Institute of
Technology, Chicago IL, USA
This study aimed to investigate how attention function modulated the ability for operating a
computer among the people with developmental disabilities. Six neuropsychological tests on
alerting, orienting, and executive control functions were administered to 62 Chinese people with
mental retardation. Their abilities on operating a computer were also assessed. Among all,
orienting and visual search functions as measured by the Symbol Digit Modalities Test was found
to be the most significant predictor on operating a computer (Sensitivity= 0.76; Specificity= 0.89).
The implications of the findings to better design of human-computer interface were discussed.
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