28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

egardless of the viewing distance and it is not affected by low-pass filtering. These results
indicate that gaze perception is determined by shifts of pupil relative to the width of eyes rather
than absolute angular.
4059.5 Local features not distance measurements are critical for face specific perception, K.
Nakayama, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
We measure threshold recognition of faces in band-limited spectral noise and under conditions of
linear and non-linear image distortion. At odds with the emerging consensus that distance
measurements between elements (nose. mouth, eyes) are important for face recognition, we show
that (1) local features on the human face on the order of approximately 0.5 cm are most critical for
recognition at conversational/social distances (2) large affine distortions do not alter face
recognition thresholds. We conclude that local image features, independent of exact metrical
relations in the face are critical for face-specific perception.
4060 INVITED SYMPOSIUM
Interdependent decision making
Convener and Chair: T. Gärling, Sweden
Co-convener: A. Biel, Sweden
4060.1 Cooperation in the give- or take-some (GOTS) game, M. Gustafsson 1 , D. Budescu 2 ,
1 2
Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden; University of Illinois, Urbana Champaign, IL, USA
Exogenously determined environmental uncertainty reduces cooperation in both Give-Some and
Take-some games. The question is what happens when human behavior is the source of
environmental uncertainty. To investigate this, we propose the Give- Or Take-Some (GOTS) game,
in which people can either contribute to or request from the same common resource. In the GOTS
game, environmental uncertainty originates from lack of knowledge of how much has been
contributed to and requested from the common resource. Our results indicate that environmental
uncertainty stemming from lack of information about others; behavior does not reduce cooperation
in the GOTS game.
4060.2 Explaining altruistic cooperation: Utility transformation or heuristics? T. Yamagishi,
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Facing the consistent finding from hundreds of experiments that a sizable proportion of
participants cooperate in one-shot PD and similar games, behavioral and experimental
psychologists as well as sociologists, especially social value orientation researchers, propose that
people transform objective game structures into subjective ones with a utility transformation
mechanism. Once utility is transformed, then people make rational decisions. I propose an
alternative heuristic decision-making approach according to which the transformation occurs only
when people find themselves in social exchange relations. The transformation does not occur
when people find themselves outside exchange relations. Evidence from a series of experiments is
presented.
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