28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

fearful participants. Fearful subjects respond psychophysiologically to masked presentation of
pictures of their feared animal. Brain imaging data show rapid amygdala activation to feared and
nonfeared animals that remain unrecognized because of masking. Without masking the amygdala
response is enhanced to feared stimuli, and structures such as the insulae, anterior cingulated and
the orbitofrontal cortex are activated.
2031 Keynote
Chair: J. J. Sanchez-Sosa, Mexico
Stress, type A behavior, anger/hostility, and heart disease, Charles D. Spielberger, Center for
Research in Behavioral Medicine and Health Psychology, University of South Florida, USA
Research in behavioral medicine and health psychology has identified specific behavior patterns
and personality traits that predispose individuals to the development and progression of
hypertension and coronary heart disease. This presentation will review recent findings that
demonstrate the effects of stress, Type-A behavior, and anger-hostility on hypertension and
coronary heart disease. Anger, hostility and aggression as psychological constructs, and relations
between measures of the experience, expression and control of anger with Type-A behavior and
cardiovascular disease will be examined in detail.
2032 Keynote
Chair: Hiroshi Imada, Japan
Applied psychology in the 20 th century: A historical perspective, Helio Carpintero, Universidad
Complutense de Madrid, Spain
Applied psychology has become the largest part of the psychological field, after a century of
continuous growth and development. While in the scientific level ceaseless discussions held about
its theoretical grounds and its alignement with the natural or the social sciences, psychology
evolved into a practical knowledge oriented toward intervention, in which conceptual ressources
are subservient to the client's needs. Its techniques and procedures have largely worked in the
direction of the desired unity. Wars, political changes and technological advances have largely
influenced its development. An effort to synthesize the main highlights of the field permits to trace
the basic social influences that have been operating upon it, and interact with its theoretical lines.
2033 Keynote
Chair: Ingrid Lunt, UK
From individual learning to learning organizations: Principles of learning for teaching and
schooling, Lauren Resnick, Learning Research and Development Center, University of
Pittsburgh, USA
Strong research-founded principles for teaching and individual learning have been formulated by
psychologists and scholars in closely related disciplines. As psychologists work with educators
and policy-makers to implement these principles, we find that barriers to success derive less from
unknowns or disputes in the psychological "base science" than from features of the organizations
and socialsystems into which changes must be introduced. If our science is to prove useful, we
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