28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

The issue of "mind and body" has become a big problem in this century. In the last century, we
made tremendous progress in science and technology, and now we can enjoy pleasurable and
effective lives. However, as a shadow of this prosperity, people today suffer from many types of
psychological distress. People in modern societies are, so to speak, cut off from the great earth. We
are very busy engaging in intellectual work and ignore our bodies. Our life energy is becoming
less and less. This tendency is reflected in the fact that the number of suicides of middle age men
is increasing year by year in Japan. To recover from this situation, I think that ancient Japan's
wisdom, wherein mind and body, matter and psyche were not separated, might be useful. I would
like to discuss Sandplay therapy, inaugurated by Swiss Jungian therapist Dora Kalff, as one
example of the use of such ancient wisdom in this age. Although it was developed in the West, this
therapy includes much wisdom from the East, as Kalff understood Japanese culture very deeply.
The method quite resembles the Japanese traditional art of Hakoniwa (box garden). This therapy is
based on: 1) a deep relationship between the therapist and the client, 2) the spontaneous power of
self-cure in the client, and 3) the significance of images and symbols that come out of the deeper
levels of the psyche. These are elements that cannot be seen in modern medicine. I would like to
show present examples of this therapy and discuss the issue of mind of body in relation to them.
1101 STATE-OF-THE-ART
Chair: Ge Fang, China
Activating historical and conceptual links in the realm on instruction in Latin America, Alfonso
Orantes, Instructional Psychology, University of Caracas, Venezuela
After reviewing the emergence of Bell's mutual teaching method and Lancaster's monitorial
system, some issues about instruction are considered. Both methods used pupils who knew a little
to teach others who knew less, allowing one instructor to teach hundred of students. The Lancaster
approach spread all over the world, during early XIX century, including most of the emerging
Latin American republics. Lancaster lived shortly in Venezuela. Many of the peculiar features of
both methods are here related to seminal concepts present in prevailing psychological trends in
education. Perhaps, developing countries should try to revive the Lancaster approach.
1102 STATE-OF-THE-ART
Chair: Hsuan-Chih Chen, Hong Kong, China
Words, grammar and the brain, Alfonso Caramazza, Department of Psychology, Harvard
University, USA
Retrieving a word from the mental lexicon entails access to three types of knowledge: the word's
meaning, its sound structure, and its grammatical properties. In this talk I discuss what is currently
known about how different grammatical categories are represented in the brain. Evidence from
neuropsychology, neuroimaging, electrophysiology, and transcranial magnetic stimulation
indicates that a word's grammatical category may be represented independently of its meaning at
the levels of word form and morphological computation.
1106 ORAL
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