28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

designing new practices, individual and collective. To do this with the users, we developed and
applied a new paradigm: experimental reality. This paper describes our experience of experimental
reality in an experimental ‘office of the future’, where workers accepted being observed
continuously, for periods up to 3 years, with video and other techniques. Designing for cognition
necessitates understanding human behaviour in its systemic aspects and raises theoretical issues
about objects, attention, and collaboration. We had to develop specific models and observation
methods, and also deal with privacy issues.
4020.6 Evaluation of communicative tools’ use in real social context, V. Nosulenko, E.
Samoylenko, Institute of Psychology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
We evaluate the use of new interactive artifacts in the context of big public event. The study is
based on the systematic paradigm including elements of an ethno-methodological observation and
experimental procedures. Video data, free verbalizations and psychophysical data were integrated
for the analysis. The results confirm that the artifact becomes an efficient tool when it could be
related to current task of users. Transformations in the relations man-environment cannot be
accounted for by mere presence of devices. The perceived features of device, that can change the
functioning of the whole system, are determined by human goals and tasks.
4021 INVITED SYMPOSIUM
Cultural selfways: The conceptions of independence and interdependence reconsidered
Convener and Chair: H. Keller, Germany
Co-convener: T.S. Saraswathi, India
4021.1 Independence and Interdependence as socialization goals, H. Keller, University of
Osnabrueck, Osnabrueck, Germany
The conceptions of independence and interdependence are interpreted as socialization goals that
specify culturally informed developmental pathways. They are considered as protopypical for
particular ecocultural environments, i.e. urban Western middle class (independence) and rural
farming communities (interdependence). Research results will be reported from ongoing cross
cultural studies addressing the cultures of parenting with infants. Spot observations of infants daily
environments, videobased interactional analyses and ethnographic interviews concerning parental
ethnotheories constitute the database. The results confirm similarities of parenting theories and
practices as related to the two conceptions. Historical and generational comparisons moreover
confirm the combination of components of both models.
4021.2 Autonomy and relatedness as two basic human needs, C. Kagitcibasi, Koc University,
Istanbul, Turkey
The debate on independence-interdependence in cross-cultural studies tends to confound two
independent dimensions of interpersonal relations and self. One of these is interpersonal distance,
ranging from relatedness (connectedness) with others to separateness. The other is agency, ranging
from autonomy to heteronomy. The general assumption, informed by psychoanalytic thinking, is
that autonomy requires separateness; however, this is neither logically nor psychologically
necessary, given the independence of the two dimensions. The less well recognized combination
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