28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

Many Chinese scholars travel abroad to specialize in their fields. Theories have been proposed on
how people adapt to a new culture (Berry, 1990), but the literature lacks empirical research on
international students. International students face unique trials as they adjust to a new country
while trying to succeed in academics in a foreign language (Ying, et al, 2001). This pilot study
indicated differences in anxiety and acculturation between Chinese and American students in their
first semester of college. In this paper presentation, the initial data will be presented alongside a
six month follow-up study.
4109 ORAL
Culture and psychology
Chair: Ute Stephan, Germany
4109.1 How entrepreneurial are Poles, Czechs, Germans, and Bulgarians’s measuring a culture
of entrepreneurship and other framework conditions for entrepreneurship, Ute Stephan 1 , Martin
Lukes 2 , Dominika Dej 3 , Hristo Tzvetkov 1 , Peter G. Richter 4 , 1 Dresden University of
Technology, Germany, 2 University of Economics, Prague, Czech Republic, 3 University of Silesia,
Katowice, Poland, 4 Azusa Pacific Univeristy, USA
Differences in self-employment rates between countries/regions were attributed to differences in
‘culture’. A review (Hayton et al., 2002) of culture’s influence on entrepreneurship concludes that
Hofstede’s dimensions are not specific enough to capture entrepreneurship related phenomena,
and to research ‘hard’ and ‘soft’ conditions for entrepreneurship simultaneously in future. Based
on a sample of 325 experts of entrepreneurship and 931 graduate students in Poland, Czech
Republic, Bulgaria, East- and West-Germany, we developed a questionnaire for measuring both
kinds of conditions. Although (West-) Germany has the best ‘hard’ conditions, e.g. capital, market,
legal conditions, Bulgarians have by far the most ‘entrepreneurial spirit/motivation’.
4109.2 Cross cultural examination of masculinity ideology: Exploration of the gender role strain
paradigm, Katherine Richmond, Ronald Levant, Smalley Bryant, Shamin Jaffer, John Lewis,
Nova Southeastern University, USA
This study aims to investigate the empirical support for the social constructionist perspective on
gender roles, which proposes that gender ideology varies according to social and cultural contexts.
Masculinity ideology refers to an individual's internalization of cultural belief systems and
attitudes toward men's roles. Masculinity ideology is the core construct in the gender role strain
paradigm because this construct changes according to context, which supports the notion that
gender is influenced by prevailing ideology. This presentation will summarize, explore, and
critique endorsement of masculinity ideology in diverse countries, which include Japan, United
States, Pakistan, China, Russia, and South Africa.
4109.3 Cultural negotiation of Japanese and Chinese (im)migrants in North America: A
comparative analysis, Izumi Sakamoto, Yanqiu Rachel Zhou, University of Toronto, Canada
This paper examines how the transnationalization experiences of Japanese and Chinese
(im)migrants in North America affect the negotiation of their cultural identities and sense of
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