28th International Congress of Psychology August 8 ... - U-netSURF

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3029 Keynote
Chair: Houcan Zhang, China
Learning and memory, Charles Gallistel, Psych & Cognitive Science, Rutgers University, USA
Currently in psychology there are two different conceptions of learning and memory, the
behaviorist conception and the information processing conception. In the first, learning is a
general-purpose process that rewires the brain to make behavior better adapted to the environment.
Memory resides in the altered connections forged by the rewiring. In the second, learning is
mediated by problem-specific mechanisms that extract information about the world from
experience. Memory carries that information forward in time, for later use by behavior generating
decision processes that are computational in nature. The latter view is more consistent with the
ubiquitous problem-specificity that we seen in biological structures and with the behavioral
evidence but it lacks neurobiological transparency: we do not know how the nervous system
carries information forward in time.
3030 Keynote
Chair: Elizabeth Nair, Singapore
Investigating five models of leadership: Journeys, decisions, character, roles, and relationships,
Leon Mann, Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Australia
Leadership can be studied from the perspective of five conceptual models: Journeys - the leader's
development and implementation of a project, plan, or undertaking; Decisions - the crucial choices
made by leaders; Character - the leader's personal attributes and values; Roles - the specific
activities performed by the leader; Relationships - the affiliation between leaders, followers, and
others. The lecturer will draw on the leadership literature and his research program on team
leaders in R&D organizations to compare the five perspectives and discuss what is expected of
leaders in different cultures and settings, and at different levels of leadership authority.
3031 Keynote
Chair: J. J. Sanchez-Sosa, Mexico
Self-regulatory processes in health behavior change, Ralf Schwarzer, Freie University
Berlin,Germany
How do people develop a motivation to refrain from risk behaviors and to adopt health behaviors ?
This difficult and volatile motivation process is characterized by individual differences in goal
setting, procrastination, maintenance, and relapse tendencies. Among the personality variables that
account for such differences is perceived self-efficacy, i.e., the optimistic belief in one's
competence to cope successfully with demands and barriers. Some individuals may have high
confidence in their ability to initiate actions whereas others may have high confidence in their
ability to recover from setbacks. To underscore the notion of phase-specific optimistic self-beliefs,
a distinction is made between preaction self-efficacy, maintenance self-efficacy and recovery
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