Library Buildings around the World

Sichtschutzvorhänge gegliedert.
Die Reduktion auf das Wesentliche findet sich auch bei der Tragkonstruktion und dem technischen Ausbau wieder, so sind
einerseits alle tragenden Elemente auf ein Minimum reduziert worden und andererseits wurde die gesamte Haustechnik in
die Wände und Decken verlegt.
Energieeffizientes Bauen
Dem filigranen Konzept des Gebäudes standen die strengen Auflagen der EnEV entgegen. Die Architekten entschieden sich
aus ästhetischen Gesichtspunkten für Sichtbeton als vorherrschendes Material. Bei einer konventionellen zweischaligen
Bauweise mit Kerndämmung wären so Wandstärken von 55 bis 60 cm entstanden. Da diese Wandstärken wiederum das
architektonische Konzept in Frage gestellt hätten, entwickelten die Energietechniker eine Extremlösung, die Idee der
aktiven Wärmedämmung war geboren.
Dafür sind in die einschalige Betonwand Kunststoffrohre eingelegt, die die Innenwände auf angenehme 18°C halten. Dies
führt unweigerlich nach Außen zu erhöhten Temperaturverlusten, die durch das inpiduelle Wärmeversorgungskonzept
wieder ausgeglichen werden können.
Die Wärmeversorgung erfolgt durch das Grubenwasser aus den ehemaligen Steinkohleabbauschächten. Das Wasser wird
aus ca. 1000 Meter Tiefe an die Oberfläche gepumpt und besitzt eine durchschnittliche Temperatur von 29°C. Bisher wurde
das Wasser ungenutzt in die Emscher geleitet, jetzt wir ein Teil davon für die Design-Schule nutzbar gemacht.
Durch die Nutzung der vorhandenen geothermischen Wärmequelle konnten die hohen Wärmeverluste für die 30 cm starken
ungedämmten Betonwände hingenommen werden. Die geringen Temperaturextreme der Betonfassade konnten auch in den
statischen Berechnungen zum Tragwerk berücksichtigt werden, es wurde weniger Bewehrung benötigt, um die Wand
rissfrei zu halten.
(http://www.detail.de/architektur/news/zollvereinschule-in-essen-aktive-waermedaemmung-der-betonschale-009041.html)
Our aim was to achieve transparency in the concrete structure. We wanted to design a simple cubic building to compliment
the existing buildings and achieve continuity within the site. The seemingly coincidental organization of the openings,
windows in three different sizes, create an unusual interaction with the surroundings and the interior. We have made many
big openings in the facades to create different daylight situations inside the building. The position of the windows are defined
by the interior programs. By varying the ceiling heights each floor has a very different atmosphere. (SANAA)
Fumio Toki Associates, Tokyo - Japan
http://www.ft-a.com
Libraries:
Kansai-kai / National Diet Library, Kyoto – Japan 2002
Literature:
GA Japan 2002/11
Domus 2003/4
The national library, which was constructed as a center facility in Kansai Science City in Kyoto. It was elected by the international
competition from total 496 application works. The major of it was underground, and the environmental architecture with natural
lighting and rooftop gardening, etc. was achieved. (Toki)
TOMURO Atelier + Kenichi Nakamura and Associates, Tokyo – Japan
Libraries:
Nishimachi International School, Yashiro Media Center, Tokyo – Japan 2007
school library in a residential neighborhood serves as a "home" for books. By Naomi Pollock : “Bean bag chairs are impossible in
Japanese school libraries,” says architect Kenichi Nakamura. But the dual language Nishimachi International School is no ordinary
learning environment and its homey Yashiro Media Center is no ordinary book receptacle.
A collaboration by TOMURO Atelier and Kenichi Nakamura and Associates, the 4,223-square-foot facility–Japan’s only bilingual
elementary school library–marks a corner of the school’s 38,130-square-foot, central Tokyo campus. It faces low-scale apartment
buildings and single-family homes, including the stucco clad residence designed in 1921 by the U.S. architect William Merrell Vories
for the school founder’s family. The heart of the campus, the historic house contains primarily administrative offices, but its first
floor held the library until it moved next door where the family horse carriage was once garaged. In deference to the founder’s house
and the site’s rigid code restrictions, the building is residential in scale and character. Entered via a narrow outdoor passage, the
library contains three levels. While the circulation and reference areas fill the ground floor, reading areas for older and younger
students are above and below. Two glass-enclosed, vertical elements–the elevator shaft and the grand stair–bookend the narrow
building and allow soft daylight to filter down to its lowest level. The product of a 20-foot long steel cantilever, the transparent stair
enclosure abuts the street on two sides and engages passersby with glimpses of activity inside. An oversized, mullioned window
upstairs serves as an emergency exit while framing views of outdoor spaces. Elsewhere wall openings were minimized to maximize
interior shelf space. Silvery aluminum panels cover the exterior, imbuing it with a fresh, contemporary look while nodding politely to
the grey colored masonry next door. Truly a home for books, the Media Center, unlike most school libraries in Japan, is relaxed and
inviting. “We envisioned it like a living room,” explains Reiko Tomuro. While a lamp lit cluster of upholstered furnishings and floor
cushions beckons borrowers as they enter the building, the upper floor capped by its soaring, slanted ceiling is reminiscent of a
traditional reading room minus the usual code of silence. Top to bottom, all three floors ensure that a good read is well within reach
of even the littlest book browser. (http://archrecord.construction.com)
Riken Yamamoto & Fieldshop Architects, Yokohama - Japan
http://riken-yamamota.co.jp
Libraries :
Future University Hakodate, Hokkaido – Japan 2000
construction work PC Kurosawa, Site area 166,403.77 m², Building Area 13287.03 m², Total floor area 26839.55 m² Scale structures
Forming part of RC PC, forming completion 2000. Sound Design Nagata Establishment exterior design: Asia Air Survey
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