Library Buildings around the World

The new Library provides a much-needed focus for the campus. Built on a square plan, it consists of four barrel-vaulted, steelframed
bays, one of which forms a broad central atrium - the hub of the Library - linking all three floors. The overhanging roof
provides sheltered walkways along the sides of the building, while at the front it extends to create a vaulted entrance canopy.
The building reformulates the concept of the library in the information age: it is the reverse of the closed book stacks and forbidding
screens and security barriers of traditional libraries. Seven kilometres of open bookshelves are located on the upper levels, freeing
the ground-floor entrance area for social uses, focused around a coffee bar.
Library systems are designed to adapt easily to information technology advances, and a perimeter desking system allows students to
plug in their own computers or laptops and have instant access to the University's computer networks and electronic databases.
Maximum use is made of glare-free natural light and views. Rooflights at the apex of each vault bring natural light to the atrium and
upper floors. Daylight is evenly distributed across the ceiling by gull-wing deflectors and can be supplemented by indirect lighting
from continuous fluorescent bulbs. External shading to the glass facades minimises heat gain during the summer months and allows
comfortable conditions to be maintained through a ventilation-only system. The complete range of building services is controlled
through a comprehensive building and energy management system. Using a restrained palette of high-quality materials, the Library
was built within costs no greater than those of a traditional brick building. Commentators have noted its evocation of a classical
temple complete with peristyle and portico, which is perhaps appropriate given the symbolic role it plays at the heart of the campus.
(Foster)
New York Public Library, New York, NY – USA Renovation – 2018
250 Mill $
News: UK firm Foster + Partners has unveiled plans to overhaul New York Public Library's flagship branch on Fifth
Avenue by inserting a contemporary lending library into unused reading rooms and stacks at the back of the building.
At present only a third of the the Stephen A Schwarzman Building is accessible to the public, but Foster + Partners plans to
insert a new corridor that will connect the main entrance with a new four-level atrium at the rear, where visitors can browse
collections whilst enjoying a view of Bryant Park through the existing tall windows.
"We are reasserting the Library's main axis and its very special sequence of spaces, from the main Fifth Avenue entrance
and the Astor Hall, through the Gottesman Hall, into the dramatic volume of the new circulating library, with views through
to the park," said Norman Foster.
Located beneath the Rose Reading Room, the new section will replace seven relocated floors of closed stacks, while a 300-
person workspace for students and researchers will take the place of several offices and storage areas.
Floorplates will be pulled back from the exterior wall to create a series of tiered balconies and visitors will enter the space
via a grand staircase that descends from above.
Proposed materials include bronze, wood and stone, which the architects claims will age gracefully and fit in with the
existing beaux-arts building designed by Carrère and Hastings in the early twentieth century.
The New York Public Library launched its £185 million renovation strategy earlier this year, but faced criticism as scholars
and writers claimed the plans would comprise the library's existing facilities.
Foster commented: "Our design does not seek to alter the character of the building, which will remain unmistakably a
library in its feel, in its details, materials, and lighting. It will remain a wonderful place to study. The parts that are currently
inaccessible will be opened up, inviting the whole of the community - it is a strategy that reflects the principles of a free
institution upon which the library was first founded."
Construction is scheduled to commence in the summer and is expected to complete in 2018.
Foster + Partners has been working on a number of projects in New York in recent months, including a vision for the future
of Grand Central Terminal and a competition-winning design for a Park Avenue skyscraper.
The New York Public Library today unveiled proposals for the integration of the Circulating Library into its flagship
Stephen A. Schwarzman Building on 42nd Street – Lord Foster presented the plans at the launch of the public exhibition.
The project aims to safeguard the building’s legacy and precious books for future generations. The existing research library
will be retained as it is today, with more space for researchers, as will many of the public spaces – the project will open twice
as much of the building to the public and will restore the logic of the Neo-Classical design to improve the experience of the
library’s historic halls. The two circulating collections will be housed in a spectacular new space previously occupied by book
stacks.
The centrepiece of the 5th Avenue and 42nd Street building is the magnificent Rose Reading Room, below which are seven
storeys of book stacks. However, these stacks are inaccessible to the public and no longer meet the needs of the books they
contain, in terms of capacity, fire safety or preservation. The books will be moved to a large humidity-controlled chamber
under Bryant Park, which was created in 1989 as part of the Bryant Park project, and provides the ideal environment for
their conservation. Thus the stack space is freed to create a new ‘library within a library’ comprised of the Mid-Manhattan
collections and the Science, Industry and Business Library – reinstating a circulating library to the NYPL main building, as
had originally existed until the 1980s.
The 13,000 structural points of the existing stacks will be replaced with an innovative new vaulted stone and steel cradle.
This move will free the floors from the west façade, allowing them to be peeled back to form a series of balconies – in the
process revealing the full height of the slender windows internally for the first time. New study areas will line the perimeter
of the balconies and new reading platforms will sit beneath the vaulted ceilings, which are carefully attuned to ensure
excellent acoustic performance. The materials palette and design of the interiors will evolve with further development. The
current combination shows bronze, wood and stone, which will age gracefully with the passage of time and use. A new
internal atrium runs the full length of the base of the circulation library, connecting the visitor facilities to the building’s
accessible entrance on 42nd Street.
Just 30 percent of the library is currently accessible to the public – the project will more than double this, opening 66
percent of the building by utilising unused reading rooms, back of house spaces, offices and book stacks. The design aims to
make the building more inviting, more permeable and to bring the books to the fore rather than hide them away. Starting
with the circulation strategy, the central axis through the Neo-Classical building will be reasserted. Visitors will be able to
walk in a straight line through the grand Fifth Avenue portico and the majestic Astor Hall into Gottesman Hall, where a
permanent treasures gallery will display some of the most important pieces from the collection. For the fist time, the westerly
doors of the Gottesman Hall will be opened up, restoring a sense of symmetry and intuitive circulation across the building.
Visitors will enter the new circulation library on a balcony in the centre of the former book stack space, where they will face
elevated views of Bryant Park. From here, a grand staircase will sweep down to the main level, aligned with the park, and
further to the state-of-the-art education and business library below. Dezeen 19.12.12 (http://www.dezeen.com)
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