Library Buildings around the World

dosmasuno arquitectos, Madrid – Spain
http://www.dosmasunoarquitectos.com
Libraries:
Biblioteca Central de la Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid – Spain 2008 – on construction
Project name: Central Library and Museum for the University of Alcalá de Henares, Year: Design: 2007 (competition, 1st prize)
Client: Universidad de Alcalá de Henares
We thought that the project for the new Central Library of Alcalá de Henares University should not be strictly limited to a
refurbishment task, in which a new program and furniture are to supersede the original ones. It should be understood as an
insertion into an existing party-wall, acquiring its shape, absorbing light and fresh air, and opening towards the sky as the only
possible way out. This implies the creation of a new space within an existing heritage building which features its own identity, and
which is as well respectfully introduced into a formerly built context. The development of spatial strategies to occupy a given volume,
as well as the generation of an inner façade to link and accommodate the new uses into the already existent building, are some of the
keys through which the project evolved. Besides, it was equally important to develop an independent and flexible constructive
process, neutral and nuanced at the same time, which ensured the adaptation of the new program without constraining it physically.
Intervention:
Therefore, our proposal had to be respectful with the former urban layout of Cuartel del Príncipe, as well as with its presence and
material condition-the whole original wrapping-, so the interior could be completely scooped out, thus transformed into a ‘plot’
where to carry out a Project for a library and a museum. This plot is limited by a built boundary, which binds not only its perimeter,
but also its upper and lower ‘façades’: no basements can be dug, neither an extra volume can protrude beyond the existing roofline
or alignments towards Patio Cultural or Plaza de San Diego. Hence, our proposal turned out to be a building inside a building, which
emphasizes this condition through its ‘non-façade’ and its new storey distribution.
Free space. Connectivity:
Thus, the main access to the new library, through the front façade of the existing main building, turns out to be a filter to Patio
Cultural, through where the future public courtyard will be reached. Likewise, the new Salón de la Ciudad can be reached through
the building destined to host the new museum from San Pedro Street. Therefore, two aims are achieved through this strategy: on the
one hand, to provide the city with new connections between the new public spaces and the already existing and, on the other hand, to
provide these connections with a clear use-for them not to become superfluous, residual spaces-, concentrating in them the main
accesses to the Library and the Museum.
Library of libraries:
The Project for the new Central Library is a ‘Library of Libraries’: a complex system of supports and accesses to these supports
which must be organized from a single, controlled entrance. Hence, a clear programmatic organization seems crucial in order to
understand the whole building’s operation, subsequently enforcing the parts’ functionality. Through a deeper analysis of the
required program, a primary organigram is distilled. It concentrates the General Hall and the Specialty Collections Area inside the
main bay facing San Diego Square, leaving other uses such as the mediatheque, computer rooms or newspaper library in the
northern auxiliary bay. Adjacent to the main body and within the secondary wings of the main building, two vertical cores are set.
The northern one is the buildings’ main vertical core, as it links the main access with the whole bunch of auxiliary libraries. The
access to the southern core is restricted to the library staff: it is independent from the main controlled access, and it links every
single workspace with the restricted areas. The timetable flexibility of the General Hall and the Specialty Collections Area is granted
by concentrating both these inside the main bay, accessed through a 24h controlled entrance. The non-24h-use program is set beyond
the northern core, into the auxiliary bay, so it can be easily isolated when necessary.
Piano nobile, access and vertical communication:
Just as some of the most notorious classic libraries, such as Asplund’s Stockholm Library or Plecniks’s Ljubljana Library, the
General Hall-the library’s main space-is set on the building’s piano nobile. As the main access control is left behind, the General Hall
can be reached through an immaterial staircase. Then, the General Hall appears as a huge void of air and light, flanked by two
‘book-walls’ which isolate this space from any external bother, separating, at the same time, the uses of the main hall: the lecture
room and the searching area. The general void is crossed by several volumes which host teamwork study rooms, nuancing this main
space and somehow complexizing the achieved naturalness of the programmatic organization.
Seat organization: general hall/specialty collection. Individual seats + teamwork halls:
The General Hall is a deep, continuous space, but it cannot be walked through, for the reading places are placed from side to side of
the hall, relegating the circulations to the peripheral book-flanked loggias. On the one hand, the General Hall hosts 500 seats (for
individual or group study), while the Specialty Collections Area is furnished with 300 places within the same continuous space, but
placed on top of the hovering volumes which cross the light and air void. Although these volumes dwell inside of the main space, they
are acoustically isolated, enhancing teamwork efficiency.
Auxiliary bay organization:
The remaining program is developed within the auxiliary bay located beyond the northern vertical core. Depending on the hosted
use, each storey is organized following two different strategies. However, both are continuous and transformable, therefore granting
any possible variation which may take place throughout the building’s lifetime. The auxiliary libraries scheme, together with the
computer rooms, is based on a peripheral circulation system, which offsets the working space from the façade, providing the whole
space with smooth, natural lighting. The second scheme, implemented in personal working spaces or meeting rooms, consists of a
central corridor which allows every single room to be placed along the façade of the building. Both systems are installed once the
main structure is cast, so they can be exchanged if necessary.
The heritage building:
The whole constructive process is carried out taking an extreme care for the heritage building in which the new program is inserted
in, as well as for the historic surroundings, for the building itself actually plays a role in a heritage complex of an indisputable value
which, therefore, must be preserved. However, this criteria does not prevent both parts of the building-the ancient wrapping and the
new interior-from being regarded independently.
External homogeneity:
A full restoration of the façade is proposed, so the building shall retrieve and consolidate its presence without distorting its original
appearance in terms of wall openings or materials used. Moreover, the inner façades facing the Patio Cultural will be dignified, and
this space is also to be restored in a neutral way.
Inner volume insertion:
The insertion of the new volume into the existent Cuartel del Príncipe skin is carried out with a clear ‘material confrontation’
criterion. Concrete, wood, steel, glass and polycarbonate now face the elder brick and masonry external walls. Just like an uncut
jewel placed inside an old chest.
Structure/canopy:
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