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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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126 NELINEARNE JEDNAČINE I SISTEMI5.1.19. Za rešavanje nelinearne jednačine f(x) = 0 koja na segmentu[α,β] ima izolovan jedinstven prost koren x = a, koristi se iterativni proces(1) x k+1 = x k − f(x k)f ′ (x k ) − f(x k) 22f ′ (x k ) 3 f ′ (x k ) − f ′ (x k−1 )x k − x k−1(k = 1,2,... ).Ako f ∈ C 3 [α,β] odrediti red konvergencije r i asimptotsku konstantugreške datog iterativnog procesa.Rešenje. Primetimo da je iterativni proces (1) proizašao iz Čebiševljevog iterativnogprocesax k+1 = x k − f(x k)f ′ (x k ) − f(x k) 2 f ′′ (x k )2f ′ (x k ) 3 ,koji ima red konvergencije r = 3, na osnovu aproksimacije drugog izvodaPredstavimo iterativni proces (1) sa(2) x k+1 = ϕ(x k ) −gde jef ′′ (x k ) ∼ = f ′ (x k ) − f ′ (x k−1 )x k − x k−1.„ « 21 f(xk ) f ′ (x k ) − f ′ (x k−1 )2f ′ (x k ) f ′ ,(x k ) x k − x k−1ϕ(x k ) = x k − f(x k)f ′ (x k )Newtonova iterativna funkcija, za koju je poznato da važi(3) ϕ(x k ) − a = f ′′ (a)h2f ′ (a) (x k − a) 2 + O (x k − a) 3i .Ako stavimo e k = x k − a, na osnovu (2) imamo(4) e k+1 = ϕ(x k ) − a −a na osnovu (3) je„ « 21 f(xk ) f ′ (x k ) − f ′ (x k−1 )2f ′ (x k ) f ′ ,(x k ) e k − e k−1(5) e k − f(x k)f ′ (x k ) = f ′′ (a)2f ′ (a) e2 k + O(e 3 k) .Korišćenjem Taylorove formule imam<strong>of</strong> ′ (x k−1 ) = f ′ (a) + f ′′ (a)e k−1 + 1 2 f ′′′ (a)e 2 k−1 + O(e 3 k−1),

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