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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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46 OSNOVNI ELEMENTI NUMERIČKE MATEMATIKEdobijamo (smena x 2 = y)Z a2odakle sleduje tvrd¯enje 2 ◦ .0√ y p(√ y) Vn (y) V k (y) dy = 0 ,2.2.3. Dat je niz {Q k } (k ∈ N 0 ) ortogonalnih polinoma na (a,b) satežinskom funkcijom p(x). Pokazati da je(1)∫ bap(x) Q n(x)x − x kdx = a na n−1· ‖Q n−1‖ 2Q n−1 (x k )(k = 1,2,... ,n; n ∈ N),gde su x k (k = 1,... ,n) nule polinoma Q n (x) iQ ν (x) = a ν x ν + članovi nižeg stepena (ν = 0,1,... ).Rešenje. Pod¯imo od Christ<strong>of</strong>fel–Darbouxovog identiteta (videti [1, str. 103])(2)nXν=0Q ν (x)Q ν (t)‖Q ν ‖ 2 =1α n ‖Q n ‖ 2 · Qn+1(x)Q n (t) − Q n (x)Q n+1 (t)x − tgde je α n konstanta u tročlanoj rekurentnoj relaciji(3) Q n+1 (x) = (α n x + β n )Q n (x) − γ n Q n−1 (x) (n ∈ N 0 ).Ako u (2) stavimo t = x k , tada je Q n (x k ) = 0, pa dobijamon−1 Xν=0Q ν (x k )‖Q ν ‖ 2 Q ν(x) = − Q n+1(x k )α n ‖Q n ‖ 2 · Qn(x)x − x k.U poslednjoj jednakosti pomnožimo obe strane sa p(x) i integralimo od a do b, tj.n−1 Xν=0ZQ ν (x k ) b‖Q ν ‖ 2ap(x) Q ν (x)dx = − Q Zn+1(x k ) bα n ‖Q n ‖ 2aQ n (x)x − x kdx.Kako je Q 0 (x) konstanta, levu stranu jednakosti možemo modifikovati na sledećinačinn−1 Xν=0ZQ ν (x k ) bQ 0 (x) ‖Q ν ‖ 2ap(x)Q ν (x)Q 0 (x)dx = − Q Zn+1(x k ) bα n ‖Q n ‖ 2aQ n (x)x − x kdx

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