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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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216 INTERPOLACIJA I APROKSIMACIJARešenje. Aproksimacionu funkciju Φ predstavimo u oblikuΦ(x) =mXa k P k (x),k=0gde su P k Legendreovi polinomi koji su ortogonalni na segmentu [−1, 1] sa težinomx ↦→ p(x) = 1. S obzirom na tu činjenicu, koeficijente a k odred¯ujemo na osnovu(1) a k = (f, P k)(P k , P k )(k = 0, 1, . . . , m).(videti [2, str. 94]), gde je skalarni proizvod u prostoru L 2 (−1,1) definisan sa(f, g) =Kako je P 0 (x) = 1 iZ 1−1f(x)g(x)dx (f, g ∈ L 2 (−1,1)) .(P k , P k ) = ‖P k ‖ 2 = 22k + 1(k = 0,1, . . .),na osnovu (1) imamoa 0 = 1 2Z 1−1|x| dx =Z 10x dx = 1 2 ,(2) a k = 2k + 12Z 1−1|x| P k (x)dx (k = 1,2, . . . , m) .Kako su funkcije x ↦→ |x| i x ↦→ P 2n (x) parne, a funkcija x ↦→ P 2n−1 (x) neparna,na osnovu (2) imamo a k = a 2n−1 = 0, a za k = 2n(3) a 2n = 4n + 12Iz Bonnetove relacijei Christ<strong>of</strong>felove relacije· 2Z 10x P 2n (x)dx = (4n + 1)Z 1(2k + 1)xP k (x) = (k + 1) P k+1 (x) + k P k−1 (x)(2k + 1) P k (x) = P ′ k+1(x) − P ′ k−1(x),0xP 2n (x)dx.

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