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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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248 INTERPOLACIJA I APROKSIMACIJAza funkciju x ↦→ f(x) koja je zadata skupom podatakax 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.5f(x) log 2.22 log 2.44 log 2.67 log 3.21Rešenje. Iz F(x) = log(a + e b+x ) imamo da je e F(x) = a + e b · e x , tj.φ(t) = A + Bt, gde su A = a, B = e b , t = e x .Aproksimacioni uslov F(x k ) = f(x k ), tj. e F(x k) = e f(x k) daje21 e 2.6 3X = 6 1 e 2.8 » 4 1 e 3.0 75 , a A = B1 e 3.5Sistem X ⊤ Xa = X ⊤ f tada postaje2» – 1 e 2.6 31 1 1 1e 2.6 e 2.8 e 3.0 e 3.5 · 6 1 e 2.8 –4 1 e 3.0 7 A5·»=B1 e 3.5–, f =2 32.2262.44742.675 .3.21» –1 1 1 1e 2.6 e 2.8 e 3.0 e 3.52 32.22· 62.44742.675 .3.21S obzirom na vrednosti e 2.6 ∼ = 13.464, e2.8 ∼ = 16.445, e3.0 ∼ = 20.086, e3.5 ∼ = 33.115,prethodni sistem se transformiše u sistem jednačina» – » – » –4 83.11 A 10.54· = ,83.11 1951.768 B 229.945odakle dobijamo A = 1.596, B = 0.05, tj.a = A = 1.596,b = log B = −2.996.Aproksimaciona funkcija jeF(x) ∼ = log(1.596 + e −2.996+x ).6.2.22. Pomoću metoda najmanjih kvadrata približno odrediti aproksimacionufunkciju oblika y = ae bx za sledeći skup podatakax j 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.2f j e 2.2 e 2.8 e 3.0 e 3.2

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