12.07.2015 Views

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.

VI G L A V APribližno rešavanje običnihdiferencijalnih jednačina8.1. Analitički metodi za rešavanje Cauchyevog problema8.1.1. Taylorovim metodom odrediti približno rešenje Cauchyevog problema(1) y ′ (x) = x 2 + y(x) 2 , y(0) = 1.Rešenje. S obzirom da je (x,y) ↦→ f(x, y) = x 2 +y 2 analitička funkcija u tački(0, 1), na osnovu teoreme 1.1.4 ([3, str. 9]) postoji jedinstveno rešenje x ↦→ y(x),koje je analitičko u tački x 0 = 0, Cauchyevog problema (1). Drugim rečima, y(x)ima u okolini x 0 = 0 izvode proizvoljnog reda, pa je(2) y(x) = y(0) + y′ (0)1!x + y′′ (0)2!x 2 + · · · .Na osnovu (1) možemo izračunati potrebne izvode y (i) (0) (i = 1,2, . . .). Naime,imamo redomy ′ = x 2 + y 2 , y ′ 0 = x 2 0 + y 2 0 = 1,y ′′ = 2x + 2yy ′ , y ′′0 = 2x 0 + 2y 0 y ′ 0 = 2,y ′′′ = 2 + 2yy ′′ + 2(y ′ ) 2 , y ′′′0 = 2 + 2y 0 y ′′0 + 2(y ′ 0) 2 = 8,y (4) = 2yy ′′′ + 6y ′ y ′′ , y (4)0= 2y 0 y ′′′0 + 6y ′ 0y ′′0 = 28,gde smo stavili y (i)0= y (i) (x 0 ) = y (i) (0).Zamenom dobijenih vrednosti u (2) dobijamotj.y(x) = 1 + x + 2 x22! + 8 x3 x4+ 283! 4! + · · · ,y(x) = 1 + x + x 2 + 4 3 x3 + 7 6 x4 + · · · .

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!