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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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242 INTERPOLACIJA I APROKSIMACIJAdobijamoZa r = −1/10 dobijamo1 − rx+∞1 − 2rx + r 2 = Xn=0r n T n (x), |r| < 1.10 + x+∞101 + 20x = X(−1) n 110 n+1 T n(x).n=0Zbog toga što je dobijeni red alternativan i zbog|T n (x)| ≤ 1, x ∈ [−1, 1], n = 0,1, 2, . . . ,imamo da je za n ≥ 3,n ˛˛f(x) −X(−1) k 110 k+1 T k(x)˛ ≤ 110 n+2 ≤ 10−5 (x ∈ [−1, 1]).tj.k=0Dakle, dovoljno je uzeti prva četiri člana razvoja:10 + x101 + 20x ≈ 1 10 T 0(x) − 110 2 T 1(x) + 110 3 T 2(x) − 110 4 T 3(x),10 + x101 + 20x ≈ 0.099 − 0.0097x + 0.002x2 − 0.0004x 3 .6.2.19. Metodom najmanjih kvadrata (diskretna srednje-kvadratna aproksimacija)odrediti parametre a 0 i a 1 u aproksimacionoj funkciji Φ(x) =a 0 + a 1 x, za sledeći skup podatakaRešenje. Ako postavimo uslovj 0 1 2 3x j 0 1 2 4f(x j ) 1 3 0 −1f(x j ) = Φ(x j ) (j = 0,1, 2,3) ,dolazimo do tzv. preodred¯enog sistema jednačina, tj.(1)a 0 + 0 · a 1 = 1 ,a 0 + 1 · a 1 = 3 ,a 0 + 2 · a 1 = 0 ,a 0 + 4 · a 1 = −1 ,

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