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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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(videti [4, str. 19–20]), nalazimoPROBLEM NAJBOLJIH APROKSIMACIJA 217(2k + 1) xP k (x) = k + 1 ′`P2k + 3 k+2 (x) − P k(x)´ ′ +k ′`P2k − 1 k (x) − P k−2(x)´,′tj. za k = 2n,(4n + 1) x P 2n (x) = 2n + 1 ′`P4n + 3 2n+2 (x) − P 2n(x)´ ′ +2n ′`P4n − 1 2n (x) − P 2n−2(x)´.′Zamenom u (3) dobijamoa 2n = 2n + 14n + 3 (P 2n+2(x) − P 2n (x))˛10+ 2n4n − 1 (P 2n(x) − P 2n−2 (x))˛= 2n + 14n + 3 (P 2n(0) − P 2n+2 (0)) −2n4n − 1 (P 2n(0) − P 2n−2 (0))= (−1)n+1 (4n + 1)(2n − 3)!(2n + 2)!!= (−1)n+1 (4n + 1)(2n − 2)!2 2n (n + 1)!(n − 1)!s obzirom da je P 2n (1) = 1 i P 2n (0) = −1/2nDakle, aproksimaciona funkcija je data saΦ(x) = 1 [m/2]2 + Xn=1,!(−1) n+1 (4n + 1)(2n − 2)!2 2n (n + 1)!(n − 1)!= (−1) n (2n − 1)!!.(2n)!!P 2n (x) (|x| ≤ 1).106.2.4. Za funkciju x ↦→ f(x) = √ 1 − x 2 naći najbolju srednje-kvadratnuaproksimaciju na segmentu [−1,1], sa težinom x ↦→ p(x) = ( 1 − x 2) −1/2, uskupu polinoma stepena ne višeg od m-tog (m ∈ N).Rešenje. Predstavimo aproksimacionu funkciju Φ u oblikuΦ(x) =mXa k T k (x),k=0gde su T k (x) Čebiševljevi polinomi koji su ortogonalni na segmentu [−1, 1] sa težinomp(x) = `1 − x 2´−1/2 . S obzirom na tu činjenicu, koeficijente ak odred¯ujemona osnovu(1) a k = (f, T k)(T k , T k )(k = 0, 1, . . . , m)

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