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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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NUMERIČKO DIFERENCIRANJE 269Kako jeimamo redom“δf(x) = f x + h ” “− f x − h ”,2 2δ 2 f(x) = f(x + h) − 2f(x) + f(x − h),“δ 3 f(x) = f x + 3h ” “− 3f x + h ” “+ 3f x − h ” “− 3f x − 3h ”,2 2 2 2δ 4 f(x) = f(x + 2h) − 4f(x + h) + 6f(x) − 4f(x − h) + f(x − 2h),δf(1.35) = f(1.4) − f(1.3) = 0.2059,δ 2 f(1.4) = f(1.5) − 2f(1.4) + f(1.3) = 0.0191,δ 3 f(1.35) = f(1.5) − 3f(1.4) + 3f(1.3) − f(1.2) = 0.0021,δ 4 (1.4) = f(1.6) − 4f(1.5) + 6f(1.4) − 4f(1.3) + f(1.2) = 0.0001.Najzad, dobijamo da suf ′ (1.35) = Df(1.35) ∼ = 1 „δf(1.35) − 1 «0.1 24 δ3 f(1.35) = 2.058125,f ′′ (1.4) = D 2 f(1.4) ∼ = 1 „0.1 2 δ 2 f(1.4) − 1 «12 δ4 f(1.4) = 1.90917.7.1.7. Neka su u tačkama x e , x i , x r poznate vrednosti funkcije, označenerespektivno sa y e , y i , y r . Približno izračunati y ′′i = y′′ (x i ).Rešenje. Na osnovu datog skupa podataka možemo konstruisati interpolacionipolinom drugog stepena, koji ćemo predstaviti u obliku(1) P(x) = A(x − x i ) 2 + B (x − x i ) + C .Ako stavimo da je x i − x e = h, x r − x i = ah (h = const > 0), gde je a =(x r − x i )/ (x i − x e ), na osnovu (1) imamoP(x e ) = y e = Ah 2 − Bh + C ,P(x i ) = y i = C ,P(x r ) = y r = a 2 Ah 2 + aBh + C ,odakle dobijamoAh 2 a(a + 1) = y r − (1 + a) y i + a y e .

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