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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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320 NUMERIČKO DIFERENCIRANJE I NUMERIČKA INEGRACIJAIzvedimo, sada, Gaussovu kvadraturnu formulu, sa n čvorova za nalaženje integralaZ 1 p1 − x 2 g(x)dx.Tražena formula je oblika(3)Z 1−1−1p1 − x 2 g(x)dx =nXA k g(x k ) + R n (g),k=1gde su x k nule Čebiševljevog polinoma druge vrsteS n (x) =sin[(n + 1)arccos x]√1 − x 2koji su ortogonalni na segmentu [−1, 1] u odnosu na težinsku funkciju p(x) =√1 − x 2 . Iz jednačine sin[(n + 1)arccos x] = 0 odred¯ujemo nule polinoma S n , tj.čvorove kvadrature,x k = coskπ, k = 1, . . . , n.n + 1Koeficijenti kvadraturne formule se izračunavaju po formuli (videti [2, str. 170–176])“2(2n + 1)Γ n + 1 ” 2A k =2 C n C· n−1(n + 1)!Γ(n + 1) S n−1 (x k )S n(x ′ k ) ,gde jeC n =“ 3”(n − 1)!Γ“2Γ n + 3 ” =2(n + 1)!2n(2n + 1)!! ,pri čemu smo koristili formule Γ(z + 1) = zΓ(z), Γ(1/2) = √ π i“Γ n + 1 ” “= n − 1 ” “Γ n − 1 ” “= n − 1 ”“n − 3 ” “Γ n − 3 ”= · · ·2 2 2 2 2 2“= n − 1 ”“n − 3 ”· · · 1 “ 1”2 2 2 Γ = 12 2 n (2n − 1)!!√ π.S obzirom da jeimamoC n C n−1 =A k = 2(2n + 1) · 2−2n ((2n − 1)!!) 2 π(n + 1)! n!(n + 1)!2n(2n + 1)!! · n!2 n−1(2n − 1)!! = 22n−1 n!(n + 1)!(2n + 1)((2n − 1)!!) 2 ,·2 2n−1 n!(n + 1)!(2n + 1)((2n − 1)!!) 2 · 1S n−1 (x k )S n(x ′ k ) ,

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