12.07.2015 Views

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

SHOW MORE
SHOW LESS

Create successful ePaper yourself

Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.

NUMERIČKO DIFERENCIRANJE 2677.1.5. Na osnovu skupa podatakax 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4f(x) 5.1519 5.6285 6.1229 6.6355približno izračunati f ′ (2.4) i f ′′ (2.4). Dobijene rezultate uporediti sa tačnimvrednostima zaokruženim na četiri decimale f ′ (2.4) ∼ = 5.2167, f ′′ (2.4) ∼ =1.8264.Rešenje. Razvijmo operator diferenciranja D po stepenima operatora zadnjerazlike ∇. S obzirom da jeE = e hD(videti (8) u zadatku 7.1.3) i∇f(x) = f(x) − f(x − h) = (1 − E −1 )f(x) (h = const > 0),tj.E = (1 − ∇) −1 ,imamo(1) D = 1 h log “(1 − ∇) −1” .Na osnovu„ « ′1log = 11 − x 1 − x = 1 + x + x2 + x 3 + · · · ,integracijom dobijamolog11 − x = x + x22 + x33 + · · · .Formalno, zamenjujući x operatorom ∇, na osnovu (1), imamo(2) D = 1 h„∇ + 1 2 ∇2 + 1 «3 ∇3 + · · · ,a dalje stepenovanjem,(3) D 2 = 1 „h 2 ∇ 2 + ∇ 3 + 11 «12 ∇4 + · · · .Formirajmo sada tablicu konačnih razlika sa operatorom ∇:

Hooray! Your file is uploaded and ready to be published.

Saved successfully!

Ooh no, something went wrong!