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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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234 INTERPOLACIJA I APROKSIMACIJARešenje. Potražimo aproksimacionu funkciju φ u oblikuφ(x) = a 0 P 0 (x) + a 1 P 1 (x) + a 2 P 2 (x),gde suP 0 (x) = 1, P 1 (x) = x, P 2 (x) = 1 2 (3x2 − 1)Legendreovi polinomi. Koeficijente a k izračunavamo po formuliS obzirom da je(f, P 0 ) =i kako je ‖P k ‖ 2 = 2/(2k + 1), to jea k = (f, P k), k = 0,1, 2.‖P k ‖ 22mm + 1 , (f, P 1) = 0, (f, P 2 ) =2m(m + 1)(3m + 1) ,Dakle, koeficijenti su odred¯eni saa 0 =Aproksimaciona funkcija jeφ(x) =‖P 0 ‖ 2 = 2, ‖P 1 ‖ 2 = 2 3 , ‖P 2‖ 2 = 2 5 .mm + 1 , a 1 = 0, a 2 =5m(m + 1)(3m + 1) .15m3m(2m − 1)2(m + 1)(3m + 1) x2 +2(m + 1)(3m + 1) = A 1x 2 + A 0 .Odredićemo sada i veličinu najbolje aproksimacije. Kako jeimamopa jeδ(x) = f(x) − φ(x) = mp |x| − A 1 x 2 − A 0 ,δ(x) 2 = m√ x 2 + A 2 1x 4 + A 2 0 − 2A 1 x 2 mp |x| − 2A 0m p |x| + 2A 0 A 1 x 2 ,‖δ(x)‖ 2 =Z 1−1δ(x) 2 dx = 2Z 10δ(x) 2 dx„ m= 2m + 2 + A2 0 + 1 m5 A2 1 − 2A 0m + 1 − 2A m13m + 1 + 2 «3 A 0A 1 .

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