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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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60 OPŠTA TEORIJA ITERATIVNIH PROCESAS obzirom da je red konvergencije datog procesa r = 1, možemo da iskoristimoAitkenov ∆ 2 –metod za njegovo ubrzavanje, tj.(2) x ∗ k = x k+2 − (∆x k+1) 2pa dobijamo∆ 2 x k= x k+2 − (x k+2 − x k+1 ) 2x k+2 − 2x k+1 + x k,k x k x ∗ k0 1.0000000000 0.43426053071 0.2701511529 0.44907520792 0.4818652841 0.45014227803 0.4430660154 0.45018158484 0.4517207379 0.45018351625 0.4498486540 0.45018360686 0.4502564612 0.45018361117 0.45016776058 0.4501870598Pod¯imo od sledeće teoreme (videti [1, str. 197]): Neka je x k+1 = Φ(x k ) iterativniproces sa konvergencijom“reda r, funkcija”Φ (r + 1)–puta diferencijabilna uokolini granične tačke a lim x k = a i neka je Φ ′ (a) ≠ r. Tada jek→+∞iterativni proces najmanje reda r + 1.x k+1 = x k − x k − Φ(x k )1 − 1 r Φ′ (x k )Ovde smo naveli teoremu u njenom izvornom obliku, pa stoga odmah primetimoda je uslov Φ ′ (a) ≠ r uvek ispunjen. Naime, ukoliko je r = 1, tada je ˛˛Φ′ (a)˛˛ < 1,a ukoliko je r > 1, tada je Φ ′ (a) = 0.Korišćenjem navedene teoreme sada dobijamo iterativni procesx k+1 = x k − x k − φ(x k )1 − 1 r φ′ (x k )x k − 1= x k − 2 cos x k1 + 1 ,2 sin x ktj.(3) x k+1 = x k sin x k + cos x k2 + sin x k(k = 0,1, 2, . . .),

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