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Numerical Mathematics - A Collection of Solved Problems

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IV G L A V ANumerički metodi u linearnojalgebri4.1. Direktni metodi u linearnoj algebri4.1.1. Sistem linearnih jednačina Ax = b, gde su⎡⎤ ⎡1 20 −400A = ⎣ 0.2 −2 −20 ⎦ , ⃗ b = ⎣ 1 ⎤ ⎡0.2 ⎦ , ⃗x = ⎣ x ⎤1x 2⎦ ,−0.04 −0.2 1 0.05 x 3transformisati u sistem By = c, tako da je B simetrična matrica i y =Dx (D = diag(1,10,100)). Odrediti faktor uslovljenosti k(B) matrice Bkorišćenjem spektralne norme, a zatim, naći rešenje datog sistema rešavajućitransformisani sistem Gaussovim algoritmom.Rešenje. Smenom(1) y = Dx = 4 1 1023 25 4 x 3 21x 25 = 4 x 3110 x 25 ,100 x 3 100 x 3sistem Ax = b postaje24 1 2 −43 20.2 −0.2 −0.2 5 4 y 3 21y 25 = 4 1 30.2 5 .−0.04 −0.02 0.01 y 3 0.05Ako pomnožimodrugu itreću jednačinu sa 10, odnosno 100, dobijamosistem By =c, gde su2B = 4 1 2 −43 22 −2 −2 5 , c = 4 1 32 5 .−4 −2 1 5Kada se koristi spektralna norma, faktor uslovljenosti je dat sa (videti [1, str. 246])sk(B) = ‖B‖ sp ‖B −1 max λ(B‖ sp =∗ B)min λ(B ∗ B) ,

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