Teoria y diseño organizacional

248 Parte 3: Elementos de diseño de sistema abierto
24. David Lei y John W. Slocum, Jr., “Global Strategic Alliances:
Payoffs and Pitfalls”, Organizational Dynamics (invierno de
1991), 17-29.
25. O’Connell, “Department Stores: Tough Sell Abroad”.
26. Stratford Sherman, “Are Strategic Alliances Working?” Fortune
(21 de septiembre de 1992), 77-78; y David Lei, “Strategies
for Global Competition”, Long-Range Planning 22 (1989),
102-109.
27. Cyrus F. Feidheim, Jr., The Trillion-Dollar Enterprise: How the
Alliance Revolution Will Transform Global Business (Nueva
York: Perseus Books, 1998).
28. Pete Engardio, “Emerging Giants”, BusinessWeek (31 de julio
de 2006), 40-49.
29. Eric Bellman y Kris Hudson, “Wal-Mart to Enter India in
Venture”, The Wall Street Journal (28 de noviembre de 2006),
A3; y http://walmartstores.com/AboutUs/276.aspx?p=251, accesado
el 22 de septiembre de 2008.
30. Sparks, “Partners”.
31. Kenichi Ohmae, “Managing in a Borderless World”, Harvard
Business Review (mayo-junio de 1989), 152-161.
32. Choe Sang-Hun, “Wal-Mart Selling Stores and Leaving South
Korea”; Constance L. Hyas, “From Bentonville to Beijing and
Beyond”, The New York Times (6 de diciembre de 2004), C6.
33. Conrad de Aenlle, “Famous Brands Can Bring Benefit, or a
Backlash”, The New York Times (19 de octubre de 2003),
Sección 3, 7.
34. Cesare R. Mainardi, Martin Salva y Muir Sanderson, “Label
of Origin: Made on Earth”, Strategy & Business 15 (segundo
trimestre de 1999), 42-53; y Joan S. Lublin, “Place vs. Product:
It´s Tough to Choose a Management Model”, The Wall Street
Journal (27 de junio de 2001), A1, A4.
35. Mainardi, Salva y Sanderson, “Label of Origin”.
36. Julie Jargon, “Kraft Reformulated Oreo, Scores in China”, The
Wall Street Journal (1 de mayo de 2008), B1, B7.
37. José Pla-Barber, “From Stopford and Well’s Model to Bartlett and
Ghoshal’s Typology: New Empirical Evidence”, Management
International Review 42, núm. 2 (2002), 141-156.
38. Sumantra Ghoshal y Nitin Nohria, “Horses for Courses:
Organizational Forms for Multinational Corporations”, Sloan
Management Review (invierno de 1993), 23-25; y Roderick
E. White y Thomas A. Poynter, “Organizing for Worldwide
Advantage”, Business Quarterly (verano de 1989), 84-89.
39. Robert J. Kramer, Organizing for Global Competitiveness:
The Country Subsidiary Design (Nueva York: The Conference
Board, 1997), 12.
40. Laura B. Pincus y James A. Belohlav, “Legal Issues in Multinational
Business: To Play the Game, You Have to Know the
Rules”, Academy of Management Executive 10, núm. 3 (1996),
52-61.
41. John D. Daniels, Robert A. Pitts y Marietta J. Tretter, “Strategy
and Structure of U.S. Multinationals: An Exploratory Study”,
Academy of Management Journal 27 (1984), 292-307.
42. Hay Group Study, reportado en Mark A. Royal y Melvyn J.
Stark, “Why Some Companies Excel at Conducting Business
Globally”, Journal of Organizational Excellence (otoño de 2006),
3-10.
43. Robert J. Kramer, Organizing for Global Competitiveness: The
Product Design (Nueva York: The Conference Board, 1994).
44. Robert J. Kramer, Organizing for Global Competitiveness: The
Business Unit Design (Nueva York: The Conference Board,
1995), 18-19.
45. Carol Matlack, “Nestlé Is Starting to Slim Down at Least; But
Can The World’s No. 1 Food Colossus Fatten Up Its Profits As
It Slashes Costs?” Business Week (27 de octubre de 2003), 56.
46. Basado en Robert J. Kramer, Organizing for Global
Competitiveness: The Geographic Design (Nueva York: The
Conference Board, 1993).
47. William M. Bulkeley, “Spinning a Global Plan”, The Wall
Street Journal (14 de febrero de 2008), B1.
48. Kramer, Organizing for Global Competitiveness: The geographic
Design, 29-31.
49. William Taylor, “The Logic of Global Business: An Interview
with ABB’s Percy Barnevik,” Harvard Business Review (marzoabril
de 1991), 91-105; Carla Rappaport, “A Tough Swede
Invades the U.S.”, Fortune (29 de enero de 1992), 76-79;
Raymond E. Miles y Charles C. Snow, “The New Network
Firm: A Spherical Structure Built on a Human Investment
Philosophy,” Organizational Dynamics (primavera de 1995),
5-18; y Manfred F. R. Kets de Vries, “Making a Giant Dance”,
Across the Board (octubre de 1994), 27-32.
50 Matthew Karnitschnig, “Identity Question; For Siemens, Move
into U.S. Causes Waves Back Home”, The Wall Street Journal
(8 de septiembre de 2003), A1.
51. Gupta y Govindarajan, “Converting Global Presence into
Global Competitive Advantage.”
52. Robert Frank, “Withdrawal Pains: In Paddies of Vietnam,
Americans Once Again Land in a Quagmire”, The Wall Street
Journal (21 de abril de 2000), A1, A6.
53. La discusión de estos desafíos se basa en Bartlett y Ghoshal,
Transnational Management.
54. Dvorak, “Why Multiple Headquarters Multiply”.
55. Gibson, “U.S. Restaurants Push Abroad”, y Peter Gumbel, “Big
Mac’s Local Flavor”, Fortune (5 de mayo de 2008), 114-121.
56 Peter Koudal y Gary C. Coleman, “Coordinating Operations
to Enhance Innovation in the Global Corporation”, Strategy
& Leadership 33, núm. 4 (2005), 20-32; y Steven D. Eppinger
y Anil R. Chitkara, “The New Practice of Global Product
Development”, MIT Sloan Management (verano de 2006),
22-30.
57. Steve Hamm, “Big Blue Shift”, Business Week (5 de junio de
2006), 108-110.
58. P. Ingrassia, “Industry Is Shopping Abroad for Good Ideas to
Apply to Products”, The Wall Street Journal (29 de abril de
1985), A1.
59. Benson Rosen, Stacie Furst y Richard Blackburn, “Overcoming
Barriers to Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Teams”,
Organizational Dynamics 36, núm. 3 (2007), 259-273.
60. Basado en Gupta y Govindarajan, “Converting Global Presence
into Global Competitive Advantage” y Giancarlo Ghislanzoni,
Risto Penttinen y David Turnbull, “The Multilocal Challenge:
Managing Cross-Border Functions”, The McKinsey Quarterly
(marzo de 2008); http://www.mackinseyquarterly.com, accesado
el 1 de abril de 2008.
61. Vijay Govindarajan y Anil K. Gupta, “Building an Effective
Global Business Team”, MIT Sloan Management Review 42,
núm. 4 (verano de 2001), 63-71.
62. Charlene Marmer Solomon, “Building Teams across Borders,”
Global Workforce (noviembre de 1998), 12-17.
63. Charles C. Snow, Scott A. Snell, Sue Canney Davison y Donald
C. Hambrick, “Use Transnational Teams to Globalize Your
Company”, Organizational Dynamics 24, núm. 4 (primavera
de 1996), 50-67.