Teoria y diseño organizacional

Capítulo 11: Innovación y cambio 447
33. Chistopher Hoenig, “Skunk Works Secrets”, CIO (1 de julio de
2000), 74-76.
34. Phaedra Hise. “New Recruitment Strategy: Ask Your Best
Employees to Leave”, Inc. (julio de 1997), 2.
35. Daniel F. Jennings y James R. Lumpkin, “Functioning Modeling
Corporate Entrepreneurship: An Empirical Integrative Analysis”,
Journal of Management 15 (1989), 485-502; y Julian Birkinshaw,
“The Paradox of Corporate Entrepreneurship”, Strategy &
Business, Ejemplar 30 (primavera de 2003), 46-57.
36. Jane M. Howell y Christopher A. Higgins, “Champions of
Technology Innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly
35 (1990), 317-341; y Jane M. Howell y Christopher A.
Higgins, “Champions of Change: Identifying, Understanding,
and Supporting Champions of Technology Innovation”,
Organizational Dynamics (verano de 1990), 40-55.
37. Thomas J. Peters y Robert H. Waterman, Jr., In Search of
Excellence (Nueva York: Harper & Row, 1982).
38. Véase Lionel Roure, “Product Champion Characteristics in
France and Germany”, Human Relations 54, núm. 54 (2001),
663-682, para un repaso de la literatura relacionada con los
campeones del producto.
39. Lewis, “Texas Instruments’ Lunatic Fringe”.
40. Rob Cross, Andrew Hargadon, Salvatore Parise y Robert J.
Thomas, “Business Insight (A Special Report); Together We
Innovate: How Can Companies Come Up With New Ideas?
By Getting Employees Working with One Another”, The Wall
Street Journal (15 de septiembre de 2007). R6.
41. Jessi Hempel, “Big Blue Brainstorm”, Business Week (7 de
agosto de 2006), 70.
42. G. A. Stevens y J. Burley, “3,000 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial
Success!” Research Technology Management 40, núm. 3
(mayo-junio de 1997), 16-27; R. P. Morgan, C. Kruytbosch
y N. Kannakutty, “Patenting and Invention Activity of U.S.
Scientists and Engineers in the Academic Sector: Comparisons
with Industry”, Journal of Technology Transfer 26 (2001), 173-
183; Edwin Mansfield, J. Rapaport, J. Schnee, S. Wagner y M.
Hamburger, Research and Innovation in Modern Corporations
(Nueva York: Norton, 1971); Christopher Power con Kathleen
Kerwin, Ronald Grover, Keith Alexander y Robert D. Hof,
“Flops”, Business Week (16 de agosto de 1993), 76-82; y
Modesto A. Maidique y Billie Jo Zirger, “A Study of Success
and Failure in Product Innovation: The Case of the U.S.
Electronics Industry”, IEEE Transactions in Engineering
Management 31 (noviembre de 1984), 192-203.
43. Scott Hensley, “Bleeding Cash: Pfizer ‘Youth Pill’ Ate Up $71
million Before It Flopped”, The Wall Street Journal (2 de mayo
de 2002), A1, A8.
44. Estudio de Linton, Matysiak & Wilkes Inc. reportado en
“Market Study Results Released: New Product Introduction
Success, Failure Rates Analyzed”, Frozen Food Digest (1 de
julio de 1997).
45. Deborah Dougherty y Cynthia Hardy, “Sustained Product Innovation
in Large, Mature Organizations: Overcoming Innovationto-Organization
Problems”, Academy of Management Journal
39, núm. 5 (1996), 1120-1153.
46. M. Adams y la Asociación de desarrollo y administración
del producto. “Comparative Performance Assesment Study
2004”, disponible para su compra en http://www.pdma.org.
Los resultados se reportaron en Jeff Cope, “Lessons Learned-
Commercialization Success Rates: A Brief Review, boletín de
RTI Tech Ventures 4, núm. 4 (diciembre de 2007).
47. Ibid.
48. Shona L. Brown y Kathleen M. Eisenhardt, “Product
Development: Past Research, Present Findings, and Future
Directions”, Academy of Management Review 20, núm. 2
(1995), 343-378: F. Axel Johne y Patricia A. Snelson, “Success
Factors in Product Innovation: A Selective Review of the
Literature”, Journal of Product Innovation Management 5
(1988), 114-128; Antonio Bailetti y Paul F. Litva, “Integrating
Customer Requirements into Product Designs”, Journal of
Product Innovation Management 12 (1995), 3-15; y Science
Police Research Unit, University of Sussex, Success and Failure
in Industrial Innovation (Londres: Centre for the Study of
Industrial Innovation, 1972).
49. Dorothy Leonard y Jeffrey F. Rayport, “Spark Innovation
through Emphatic Design”, Harvard Business Review (noviembre-diciembre
de 1997), 102-113.
50 Brown y Eisenhardt, “Product Development”; y Dan
Dimancescu y Kemp Dwenger, “Smoothing the Product
Development Path”, Management Review (enero de 1996),
36-41.
51. Kenneth B. Kahn, “Market Orientation, Interdepartmental
Integration, and Product Development Performance”. The
Journal of Product Innovation Management 18 (2001), 314-323;
y Ali E. Akgün, Gary S. Lynn y John C. Byrne, “Taking the
Guesswork Out of New Product Development: How Successful
High-Tech Companies Get That Way”, Journal of Business
Strategy 25, núm. 4 (2004), 41-46.
52. La discusión de la innovación abierta se basa en Henry
Chesbrough, “The Era of Open Innovation”, MIT Sloan
Management Review (primavera de 2003), 35-41; Julian
Birkinshaw y Susan A. Hill “Corporate Venturing Units:
Vehicles for Strategic Success in the New Europe”,
Organizational Dynamics 34, núm. 3 (2005), 247-257; Amy
Muller y Liisa Välikangas. “Extending the Boundary of
Corporate Innovation”, Strategy & Leadership 30, núm. 3
(2002); 4-9; Navi Radjou, “Networked Innovation Drives
Profits”, Industrial Management (enero-febrero de 2005),
14-21; Darrell Rigby y Barbara Bilodeau, “The Bain 2005
Management Tool Survey”, Strategy & Leadership 33, núm. 4
(2005), 4-12; Ian Mount, “The Return of the Lone Inventor”,
FSB (Fortune Small Business) (marzo de 2005), 18; y Henry
Chesbrough, “The Logic of Open Innovation: Managing
Intellectual Property”, California Management Review 45,
núm. 3 (primavera de 2003), 33-58.
53. Reportado en Jill Jusko, “A Team Effort”, Industry Week
(enero de 2007), 42, 45.
54. Bettina von Stamm, “Collaboration with Other Firms
and Customers: Innovation´s Secret Weapon”, Strategy &
Leadership 32, núm. 3 (2004). 16-20; y Bas Hillebrand y Wim
G. Biemans, “Links between Internal and External Cooperation
in Product Development: An Exploratory Study”, The Journal
of Product Innovation Management 21 (2004), 110-122.
55. Max Chafkin, “The Customer Is the Company”, Inc. (junio de
2008), 88-96.
56 Jeff Jarvis, “The Buzz From Starbucks Customers”, Business
Week (28 de abril de 2008), 106; Chafkin, “The Customer Is
the Company”.
57. Bob Tedeschi, “Putting Innovation in the Hands of a Crowd”,
The New York Times (3 de marzo de 2008), C6.
58. Ann Harrington, “Who’s Afraid of a New Product?” Fortune
(10 de noviembre de 2003), 189-192.