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Mediterraneans: North Africa and Europe in an Age of Migration, C. 1800‐1900 (California:<br />

University of California Press, 2011).<br />

5<br />

James Baldwin, “Prostitution, Islamic Law and Ottoman Societies,” Journal of Economic and<br />

Social History of the Orient 55 (2012); Mary Ann Fay, Unveiling The Harem: Elite Women and the<br />

Paradox of Seclusion in Eighteenth‐Century Cairo (New York: Syracuse University Press, 2012);<br />

Beshara Doumani ed., Family History in the Middle East: Household, Property, and Gender (New<br />

York: SUNY Press, 2003); Leslie Penn Peirce, The Imperial Harem: Women and Sovereignty in the<br />

Ottoman Empire (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993); Judith E. Tucker, Women in<br />

Nineteenth‐Century Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).<br />

6<br />

Kenneth M. Cuno and Manisha Desai, ed., Family, Gender, and Law in a Globalizing Middle East<br />

and South Asia (Syracuse N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 2009); Leslie Peirce, Morality Tales: Law<br />

and Gender in the Court of Aintab (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 2003);<br />

Madeline Zilfi, ed., Women in the Ottoman Empire: Middle Eastern Women in the Early Modern<br />

Era (Leiden: Brill, 1997).<br />

7<br />

Amira el‐Azhary Sonbol, “The Woman Follows the Nationality of her Husband: Guardianship,<br />

Citizenship and Gender,” Hawwa Vol. 1, No. 1 (Leiden: Brill NV, 2003).<br />

8<br />

Tanneries Renaudines XIXe – XXe siècles RÉPERTOIRE NUMÉRIQUE DÉTAILLÉ DES SOUS‐SÉRIES<br />

(Tours: Archives départementales, 1999)<br />

9<br />

Zeyneb Hanoun, A Turkish Woman’s European Impressions (London: Seeley, 1913); Grace Ellison,<br />

An English Women in a Turkish Harem (London: Rowen, 1915), 29.<br />

10<br />

Abdülmecid II was the thirty‐fourth sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He ruled from 31 August<br />

1876 until he was deposed on 27 April 1909.<br />

11<br />

Renee Worringer, Ottomans Imagining Japan: East, Middle East, and Non‐Western Modernity at<br />

the Turn of the Twentieth Century (London: Palgrave MacMillan, 2014); Judith Resnick and Daniel<br />

Edward Curtis, Representing Justice: Invention, Controversy, and Rights in City‐states and<br />

Democratic Courtrooms (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011); Jasper Yeates Brinton, The<br />

Mixed Courts of Egypt (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1930).<br />

12<br />

Othon Anastasakis, Kalypso Aude Nicolaidis, and Kerem Oktem, ed., In the Long Shadow of<br />

Europe: Greeks and Turks in the Era of Postnationalism (Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers,<br />

2009); Sia Anagnostopoulou, The Passage from the Ottoman Empire to Nation‐States: A Long and<br />

Difficult Process; the Greek Case (Istanbul: Isis Press, 2004); Vamike D. Volkan and Norman<br />

Itskowitz, Turks and Greeks: Neighbours in Conflict (United Kingdom: The Eothen Press, 1994).<br />

13<br />

ITTCR008, 1b<br />

14<br />

ITTCR008, 122‐124b<br />

15<br />

“A Pera ci sono tre malanni: peste, fuoco e dragomanni,” translates, “In Pera, there are three<br />

ailments: plague, fire, and dragomen.” It was a popular saying at the time.<br />

16<br />

ITTCR008, Ratifica della denuncia da parte dell’Avvocato Vetere, pp 2‐17b.<br />

17<br />

TTCR008, Denuncia dell’Avoccato Nicola Vetere, 1‐3b. The Italian criminal code at this time was<br />

the Zanardelli Code of 1889. It was based on liberal principles of the Enlightenment. It was<br />

replaced by the Rocco Code in 1930, which is still in force today.<br />

18<br />

ITTCR008, Ratifica della denuncia da parte dell’Avvocato Vetere, pp 2‐17b.<br />

19<br />

The translator for the Italian embassy and consulate. He was the second intermediary used by<br />

Dragoman Cangià to arrange the bribe.<br />

20<br />

ITTCR008, Ratifica della denuncia da parte dell’Avvocato Vetere, p 15b.<br />

21<br />

Marquis Emilio Visconti Venosta was born in 1829 and died in 1914. He was a leading diplomat<br />

and politician. He was a senator and served as the Minister of Foreign Affairs many times in his<br />

career.<br />

22<br />

The son of Vittorio Emmanuel II, he reigned as the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his<br />

death on 29 July 1900.<br />

23<br />

ITTCR008, Ratifica della denuncia da parte dell’Avvocato Vetere, p 17b.<br />

24<br />

Joan Scott, “Gender as a Useful Category of Analysis,” The American Historical Review, Vol. 91,<br />

No. 5. (1986), 1053‐1075.<br />

25<br />

Judith E. Tucker, “Gender and Islamic History,” in Islamic and European Expansion: The Forging<br />

of a Global Order, ed. Michael Adas (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993), 37‐8.<br />

Bibliography

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